Question 1

________, which is closely linked to short-term memory, allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

Accepted Answer

A)   Working memory
B)   Episodic memory
C)   Working cognition
D)   Source memoryE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following is true of attention?

Accepted Answer

A)   The more difficult the competing tasks are, the more effectively older adults divide attention than younger adults.
B)   When two competing tasks are reasonably easy, age differences among adults are minimal or nonexistent.
C)   On simple tasks involving a search for a feature, age differences are dramatic even when individuals are given sufficient practice.
D)   Generally, older adults are more adept at selective attention than younger adults are.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

In the context of links between aging, the brain, and cognitive functioning, which of the following statements is true of older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   Compared with younger adults, older adults often show less activity in the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain on simple tasks.
B)   The functioning of the hippocampus increases to a higher degree than the functioning of the frontal lobes in older adults.
C)   Older adults perform better on tasks involving complex reasoning when neural circuits in specific regions of the brain's prefrontal cortex decline.
D)   Older adults are more likely than younger adults to use both hemispheres of the brain to compensate for declines in attention.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following is a treatment for advanced Parkinson disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   cholinerase inhibitors
B)   electroconvulsive therapy
C)   dopamine agonists
D)   deep brain stimulationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

According to research by Baltes and his colleagues, which of the following statements about wisdom is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wisdom does not require experience, practice, or complex skills.
B)   Wisdom increases dramatically from midlife to late adulthood.
C)   Cognitive factors are better predictors of wisdom than personality-related factors.
D)   High levels of wisdom are rare.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Cognitive ________ declines in old age, whereas cognitive ________ appears to improve.

Accepted Answer

A)   mechanics; pragmatics
B)   pragmatics; mechanics
C)   pragmatics; reasoning
D)   learning; reasoningE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is true of memory and aging?

Accepted Answer

A)   Memory decline occurs primarily in explicit, episodic, and working memory.
B)   Successful aging means reducing the decline and adapting to it.
C)   Memory decline occurs primarily in implicit memory or semantic memory.
D)   Successful aging means eliminating memory decline altogether.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

________ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   Paranoia
B)   Dementia
C)   Schizophrenia
D)   Alzheimer diseaseE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following has been linked to lower cognitive performance, not only in older adults but also in young and middle-aged adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   hypertension
B)   arthritis
C)   cancer
D)   congestive heart diseaseE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following improves adaptation to retirement?

Accepted Answer

A)   fostering friendships related to work
B)   cultivating interests unrelated to work
C)   reminiscing about past experiences
D)   limiting social participationE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Neurofibrillary tangles consist mainly of a protein called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   collagen
B)   elastin
C)   tau
D)   coroninE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Speed and accuracy of the processes involved in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization are components of

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive perceptions.
B)   cognitive pragmatics.
C)   cognitive mechanics.
D)   cognitive intelligence.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following is called the "common cold" of mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)   schizophrenia
B)   alzheimer disease
C)   tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
D)   major depressionE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

In the context of work and aging, which of the following statements is true of older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   When older adults engage in complex working tasks and challenging daily work activities, their cognitive functioning shows less age-related decrease.
B)   Employment gaps involving unemployment or sickness are associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment in older adults.
C)   Working in a job with a high level of mental demands is linked to lower levels of cognitive functioning before retirement in older adults.
D)   For older adults who work in low-complexity jobs, experiencing novelty in their work is linked with a reduction in processing speed and working memory.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Hashim, a 69-year-old, makes errors while performing tasks. He is unable to detect and correct the errors. He is also unable to deal effectively with difficult or novel circumstances. Given this information, it can be said that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Hashim's brain receives increased supplies of blood.
B)   hashim has deficiencies in executive attention.
C)   hashim has high blood pressure.
D)   Hashim's selective attention has increased.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

According to Ellen Bialystok and her colleagues, what is likely to delay the onset of Alzheimer disease by as much as 4 to 5 years?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Ellen Bialystok and her colleagues,...

Question 17

Which of the following is a drug that is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   ACE inhibitors
B)   Cholinerase inhibitors
C)   L-dopa
D)   SerotoninE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following is true of research findings on depression in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)   Insomnia is not a risk factor for depression in older adults.
B)   Suicidal ideation is strongly associated with depression severity in older adults.
C)   Living in an institutionalized setting is linked to decreased risk for depression in older adults.
D)   Community-dwelling older adults who use a computer exhibit a high level of depressive symptoms.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Alzheimer disease involves a deficiency in an important brain messenger chemical called

Accepted Answer

A)   dopamine.
B)   serotonin.
C)   acetylcholine.
D)   oxytocin.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

________ attention involves concentrating on more than one activity at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sustained
B)   Selective
C)   Divided
D)   ExecutiveE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 18: Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Neurofibrillary tangles consist mainly of a protein called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________, which is closely linked to short-term memory, allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of research findings on depression in older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a treatment for advanced Parkinson disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hashim, a 69-year-old, makes errors while performing tasks. He is unable to detect and correct the errors. He is also unable to deal effectively with difficult or novel circumstances. Given this information, it can be said that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Speed and accuracy of the processes involved in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization are components of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of links between aging, the brain, and cognitive functioning, which of the following statements is true of older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following improves adaptation to retirement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of work and aging, which of the following statements is true of older adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ attention involves concentrating on more than one activity at the same time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research by Baltes and his colleagues, which of the following statements about wisdom is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is called the "common cold" of mental disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alzheimer disease involves a deficiency in an important brain messenger chemical called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Ellen Bialystok and her colleagues, what is likely to delay the onset of Alzheimer disease by as much as 4 to 5 years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a drug that is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of attention?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive ________ declines in old age, whereas cognitive ________ appears to improve.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of memory and aging?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has been linked to lower cognitive performance, not only in older adults but also in young and middle-aged adults?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Cognitive declines in old age, whereas cognitive appears to improve.

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