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A longitudinal study of more than 1,200 individuals across seven decades revealed that a higher score on the Big Five personality factor of ________ predicted a lower risk of earlier death from childhood through late adulthood.


A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) neuroticism
D) extraversion

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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In a cross-sectional study of individuals ranging in age from 13 to 90 years, researchers found that self-control was lowest in the ________ domain for individuals who were 60 to 90 years old.


A) physical
B) social
C) emotional
D) familial

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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What is the term for the process of looking back at one's life experiences, evaluating them, interpreting them, and often reinterpreting them?

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According to socioemotional selectivity theory, which of the following is true of the trajectory of motivation for knowledge-related goals?


A) It declines during middle and late adulthood.
B) It starts in adolescence.
C) It peaks in early childhood.
D) It is relatively low in the early years of life.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Describe the influence of ethnicity in old age.

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Comparative information about African Am...

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In the context of economic security, which of the following statements is true of older adults?


A) Poverty is linked to a decrease in mental health problems in older adults.
B) Low socioeconomic status is linked to decreased risk of earlier death in older adults.
C) Poverty is linked to lower levels of physical fitness in older adults.
D) Poverty rates among older adults belonging to ethnic minorities are lower than those for non-Latino Whites.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is true of the usage of Internet among older adults?


A) Older adults visit fewer websites than their younger counterparts.
B) Older adults spend less money on the Internet than their younger counterparts.
C) Increasing numbers of older adults use e-mail to communicate with relatives.
D) Older adults are especially interested in social media.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is a compensation strategy suggested by Baltes and his colleagues?


A) Focus on the most important goal at a particular time.
B) To reach a particular goal, you may need to abandon other goals.
C) Persevere and keep trying until you reach your goal.
D) If things do not go well for you, be willing to let others help you.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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During which stage in life is attachment security associated with greater psychological and physical well-being than attachment anxiety?

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In the context of a cross-sectional study of self-esteem by Robins and others in 2002 involving a diverse sample of more than 300,000 individuals, which of the following statements is true of the research findings?


A) Self-esteem was low in the 20s.
B) The self-esteem of males was lower than the self-esteem of females during adulthood.
C) Self-esteem dropped significantly in the ages between 50 and 60.
D) The self-esteem of males and females converged in their 70s and 80s.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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According to Erikson, which of the following stages of development does an individual experience in middle adulthood?


A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) autonomy vs. shame
C) industry vs. inferiority
D) integrity vs. despair

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is a positive resolution of the psychological conflict of autonomy vs. shame?


A) fidelity
B) purpose
C) competence
D) will

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to Erikson, the positive resolution of which developmental stage culminates in acceptance of the course of one's life and unfulfilled hopes in old age?


A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) basic trust vs. mistrust
C) industry vs. inferiority
D) intimacy vs. isolation

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger found that for participants from 85 to 105 years old, ________ became the most important personal investment.


A) work
B) health
C) family
D) friends

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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