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Exam 16: How Populations Evolve

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Question 1

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Which of the following is/are a biological "population?"

A) all of the corn plants in a cornfield
B) all of the variable-colored ladybird beetles of the species Harmonia axyridis in a forest
C) all male and female English sparrows that reside in your community
D) all of the human population of a rural western town
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Question 2

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Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

A) Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different extreme phenotype.
B) Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes.
C) Disruptive selection favors both of the extreme phenotypes over the intermediate phenotype.
D) Directional selection leads to improved selection in a stable environment.
E) Disruptive selection leads to polymorphism, favoring different forms of the same species.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Question 3

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A dominant allele is found in a population with a frequency of 0.8. As the environment begins to change, the dominant allele is not favored. Scientists find that the frequency of the dominant allele decreases by half each generation. What are the allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies before and one generation after the population begins to change. Is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium maintained?

A population was surveyed to determine the percentage of individuals with detached earlobes and attached earlobes. 16% of the population was found to have attached earlobes, a trait coded for by a recessive allele. Calculate the allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies of the population, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is maintained.

What is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have elaborate plumage and mating rituals?

Scientists have studied, in detail, the evolution of the peppered moth, Biston betularia, over the last two hundred years. The peppered moths rest on tree trunks and are a tempting treat for birds in the area. In the mid -1800's the trees in their England habitat were covered with lichens, which are a light, grayish - green color. Although color variations occurred, the vast majority of the moths were light-colored. Because their light coloration effectively camouflaged them against the lichens-covered trees, they were not as easily seen by birds as darker colored moths. The light colored moths flourished. The environment changed, as the Industrial Revolution progressed. By 1900, the lichens had died and trees were coated with soot due to the industrial pollution. The lighter colored moths were no longer 'hidden' in their environment, and in fact, were easily seen by their predators. Their numbers dwindled. At the same time, the darker-colored moths flourished because of their ability to hide on the darkened trees. As environmental standards have been implemented, environmental conditions have shifted, allowing lichens to grow on tree trunks. a. What type of selection is this? b. What is the agent of selection? c. What alleles were favored in the clean environment? The polluted environment?

If two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two populations will

Which of the following conditions is necessary to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city, or a high school or college classmate. Therefore, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human populations because

Which of the following reflect(s) the likely presence of (a) gene mutation(s) ?

A certain species of butterfly varies in color from white to dark blue. The birds found in the same area feed on the white or lightly colored butterflies, leaving butterflies that are darkly colored. This may result in what type of selection?

Which statement is NOT true about the Founder Effect?

The recessive allele for sickle cell anemia is more prevalent in regions of Africa where malaria is prevalent, than it is in regions where there is no malaria. This is due to a

Which of the following is required for natural selection to occur in a population?

In the case of the peppered moths in England, when Kettlewell set up cameras to document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees, he was verifying which factor involved in evolution by natural selection?

While studying gull egg laying abilities a researcher noted that the birds laid an average of 7 - 9 eggs per clutch at the beginning of the study. After studying the population for 15 generations the researcher noted that the birds now laid an average of 3- 4 eggs per clutch. What type of natural selection is occurring in the population of gulls? rev: 12_12_2013_QC_42519

The northern elephant seal was hunted almost to extinction during the 18^th and 19^th centuries. Less than 100 seals were left to contribute to the gene pool of their future generations. Since the early 20^th century, the elephant seals have been protected by law in both the U.S. and Mexico. Over 100,000 seals now inhabit the western shores of North America, all related to the small population that survived the slaughter of hunters. Scientists fear the elephant seals may be more susceptible to disease and pollution due to a ______.

The Founder Effect is an example of genetic drift in which rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population.

What do the Founder Effect and the Bottleneck Effect have in common?

A student proposes that left-handedness is a recessive trait that is therefore hidden in much of the human population. A survey of a class of 36 students finds that 27 (0.75) are right-handed and 9 (0.25) are left-handed. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would the expected genotypes and allele frequencies be in this theoretical population?