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Meaningfulness reflects energy rooted in the belief that work tasks contribute to some larger purpose.

A) True
B) False

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Merit pay and profit sharing offer little in the way of difficult and specific goals.

A) True
B) False

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Danny and Allan have been working for Yummy Treats for about five years, at the same level of management and doing similar kind of work.Allan has been focusing on setting specific and difficult goals and believes that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance in his job and that is what he should focus on.Danny on the other hand compares himself to other managers, such as Jim who works for the competitor in a similar work position.He feels disheartened when he finds out that he is significantly under rewarded at Yummy Treats.From Danny's view in the above situation, Allan is a(n) :


A) empowerment evaluator.
B) internal comparison.
C) valence generator.
D) cognitive distorter.
E) external comparison.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Comparison with others in the same organization doing substantially different jobs is:


A) job equity.
B) occupational equity.
C) company equity.
D) age equity.
E) educational equity.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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_____ are defined as the objective or aim of an action and typically refer to attaining a specific standard of proficiency, often within a specified time limit.


A) Values
B) Goals
C) Internal comparisons
D) Strategies
E) External comparisons

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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A(n) _____ involves a 'comparison other' in the same company.


A) equity distress
B) emotional cue
C) cognitive distortion
D) internal comparison
E) external comparison

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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What is psychological empowerment? Identify the four concepts that can make work tasks intrinsically motivating? Explain each concept.

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Psychological empowerment represents a f...

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Valence can be positive, negative, or zero.

A) True
B) False

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Efficacy is moderated by _____, where feelings of fear or anxiety can create doubts about task accomplishment, while pride and enthusiasm can bolster confidence levels.


A) emotional cues
B) instrumentality
C) past accomplishments
D) verbal persuasion
E) vicarious experiences

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Motivation is a critical consideration because effective job performance is largely a function of:


A) motivation and emotions.
B) emotions and ability.
C) ability and expectations.
D) motivation and ability.
E) expectations and emotions.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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When employees consider efficacy levels for a given task, they first consider their:


A) past accomplishments.
B) vicarious experiences.
C) current projects.
D) extrinsic motivators.
E) instrumentality.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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"T" in the S.M.A.R.T.goals stands for:


A) time-sensitive.
B) task-driven.
C) tenacious.
D) tempered.
E) team-oriented.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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The set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work-related effort, and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence is known as:


A) organizational commitment.
B) job satisfaction.
C) job performance.
D) motivation.
E) leadership.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The belief that successful performance will result in some outcome(s) is known as:


A) instrumentality.
B) valence.
C) complexity.
D) expectancy.
E) self-efficacy.

F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

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A lump-sum bonus is a bonus received for meeting unit goals for criteria controllable by employees.

A) True
B) False

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______ is (are) an important moderator of what individuals consider to be positively or negatively valent.


A) Culture
B) Expectancy
C) Generalizability
D) Self-efficacy
E) SMART goals

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Individuals who value money for the achievement, respect, and freedom it confers value the rational meaning of money.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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When someone from another company is referred to as the 'comparison other', one is involved in a(n) :


A) equity distress.
B) emotional cue.
C) cognitive distortion.
D) internal comparison.
E) external comparison.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Self-determination captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person's own ideals and passions.

A) True
B) False

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Technically, _____ is a set of subjective probabilities, each ranging from 0 to 1, that successful performance will bring a set of outcomes.


A) valence
B) instrumentality
C) expectancy
D) self-efficacy
E) complexity

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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