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The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced. The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced. Al + He P + n Al + The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced. Al + He P + n He The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced. Al + He P + n The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced. Al + He P + n P + The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced. Al + He P + n n

A) True
B) False

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The rates of radioactive decay processes, like the rates of chemical reactions, are sensitive to temperature changes.

A) True
B) False

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What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?


A) Th
B) Pu
C) Ra
D) Au
E) Pb

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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A rock contains 0.37 mg of Pb-206 and 0.95 mg of U-238. The half-life of the decay series U-238 →\to Pb-206 is 4.5 ×\times 109 yr. Assuming no Pb-206 was present in the rock initially, how old is the rock?


A) 1.7 ×\times 109 yr
B) 5.2 ×\times 109 yr
C) 2.7 ×\times 106 yr
D) 4.5 ×\times 109 yr
E) 2.4 ×\times 109 yr

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Determine how much energy is released when polonium-210 decays according to Determine how much energy is released when polonium-210 decays according to . [Atomic masses: polonium-210 = 209.982857 amu; helium-4 = 4.002603 amu; lead-206 = 205.974449 amu] A) 4.14 \times 10<sup>9</sup> kJ/mol B) 7.20 \times 10<sup>11</sup> kJ/mol C) 5.22 \times 10<sup>8</sup> kJ/mol D) 4.66 \times 10<sup>9</sup> kJ/mol E) 6.43 \times 10<sup>12</sup> kJ/mol . [Atomic masses: polonium-210 = 209.982857 amu; helium-4 = 4.002603 amu; lead-206 = 205.974449 amu]


A) 4.14 ×\times 109 kJ/mol
B) 7.20 ×\times 1011 kJ/mol
C) 5.22 ×\times 108 kJ/mol
D) 4.66 ×\times 109 kJ/mol
E) 6.43 ×\times 1012 kJ/mol

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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The mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the masses of the nucleons.

A) True
B) False

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Gamma-rays cause radiation damage when they interact with matter by producing


A) ions and free radicals.
B) isotopes.
C) daughter products.
D) oxidation.
E) reduction.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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The isotope of iodine with mass number 128 undergoes beta decay with a half-life of 25.00 minutes. How long will it take for 93.75% of a sample of pure 128 I to decay?

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What would the atom ratio of 206Pb to 238U be in a uranium mineral from a rock that is 1.0 ×\times 109 years old? t1/2(238U) = 4.5 ×\times 109 yr.


A) 0.14
B) 0.16
C) 0.22
D) 0.86
E) 1.16

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Balance the equation Balance the equation

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Determine how much energy is released when thorium-230 decays according to Determine how much energy is released when thorium-230 decays according to . [Atomic masses: thorium-230 = 230.033127 amu; helium-4 = 4.002603 amu; radium-226 = 226.025403 amu] A) 3.98 \times 10<sup>9</sup> kJ/mol B) 4.60 \times 10<sup>8</sup> kJ/mol C) 7.20 \times 10<sup>11</sup> kJ/mol D) 4.90 \times 10<sup>9</sup> kJ/mol E) 7.15 \times 10<sup>11</sup> kJ/mol . [Atomic masses: thorium-230 = 230.033127 amu; helium-4 = 4.002603 amu; radium-226 = 226.025403 amu]


A) 3.98 ×\times 109 kJ/mol
B) 4.60 ×\times 108 kJ/mol
C) 7.20 ×\times 1011 kJ/mol
D) 4.90 ×\times 109 kJ/mol
E) 7.15 ×\times 1011 kJ/mol

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear power plants over coal-burning plants? Nuclear power plants


A) produce radioactive byproducts with very short half-lives, reducing the need for waste storage.
B) do not pollute the air with SO2, soot, and fly-ash.
C) create no thermal pollution.
D) generate radioactive byproducts that can be sold for use in secondary applications.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The only stable isotope of fluorine is The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope F, which has one fewer neutron? A) p B) n C) D) E) He F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope F, which has one fewer neutron? A) p B) n C) D) E) He F, which has one fewer neutron?


A) The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope F, which has one fewer neutron? A) p B) n C) D) E) He p
B) The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope F, which has one fewer neutron? A) p B) n C) D) E) He n
C) The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope F, which has one fewer neutron? A) p B) n C) D) E) He
D) The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope F, which has one fewer neutron? A) p B) n C) D) E) He
E) The only stable isotope of fluorine is F. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope F, which has one fewer neutron? A) p B) n C) D) E) He He

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Complete and balance the nuclear equation Complete and balance the nuclear equation

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The Rb-87/Sr-87 method of dating rocks is often used by geologists: The Rb-87/Sr-87 method of dating rocks is often used by geologists: Rb Sr + t<sub>1/2</sub> = 6.0 \times 10<sup>10 </sup>yr Estimate the age of a rock sample in which the present-day mole ratio of Rb-87 to Sr-87 is 36:1. A) 2.4 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr B) 1.7 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr C) 3.1 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr D) 4.1 \times 10<sup>-11</sup> yr E) 3.6 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr Rb The Rb-87/Sr-87 method of dating rocks is often used by geologists: Rb Sr + t<sub>1/2</sub> = 6.0 \times 10<sup>10 </sup>yr Estimate the age of a rock sample in which the present-day mole ratio of Rb-87 to Sr-87 is 36:1. A) 2.4 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr B) 1.7 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr C) 3.1 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr D) 4.1 \times 10<sup>-11</sup> yr E) 3.6 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr The Rb-87/Sr-87 method of dating rocks is often used by geologists: Rb Sr + t<sub>1/2</sub> = 6.0 \times 10<sup>10 </sup>yr Estimate the age of a rock sample in which the present-day mole ratio of Rb-87 to Sr-87 is 36:1. A) 2.4 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr B) 1.7 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr C) 3.1 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr D) 4.1 \times 10<sup>-11</sup> yr E) 3.6 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr Sr + The Rb-87/Sr-87 method of dating rocks is often used by geologists: Rb Sr + t<sub>1/2</sub> = 6.0 \times 10<sup>10 </sup>yr Estimate the age of a rock sample in which the present-day mole ratio of Rb-87 to Sr-87 is 36:1. A) 2.4 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr B) 1.7 \times 10<sup>9</sup> yr C) 3.1 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr D) 4.1 \times 10<sup>-11</sup> yr E) 3.6 \times 10<sup>11</sup> yr t1/2 = 6.0 ×\times 1010 yr Estimate the age of a rock sample in which the present-day mole ratio of Rb-87 to Sr-87 is 36:1.


A) 2.4 ×\times 109 yr
B) 1.7 ×\times 109 yr
C) 3.1 ×\times 1011 yr
D) 4.1 ×\times 10-11 yr
E) 3.6 ×\times 1011 yr

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28.8 years.How much strontium-90 was present initially, if after 144 years 10.0 g remain?

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The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from Al? A) H B) n C) D) E) He Al?


A) The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from Al? A) H B) n C) D) E) He H
B) The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from Al? A) H B) n C) D) E) He n
C) The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from Al? A) H B) n C) D) E) He
D) The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from Al? A) H B) n C) D) E) He
E) The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from Al? A) H B) n C) D) E) He He

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The heaviest known isotope of hydrogen is called tritium, The heaviest known isotope of hydrogen is called tritium, H. It decays by beta emission, and has a half-life of 12.3 years. What fraction of a tritium sample will remain after 5.20 years? A) 0.0210 B) 0.746 C) 3.41 D) 0.254 E) 0.423 H. It decays by beta emission, and has a half-life of 12.3 years. What fraction of a tritium sample will remain after 5.20 years?


A) 0.0210
B) 0.746
C) 3.41
D) 0.254
E) 0.423

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Which isotope, when bombarded with nitrogen-15, yields the artificial isotope dubnium-260 plus 4 neutrons?


A) californium-245
B) thorium-257
C) nobelium-245
D) californium-249
E) dubnium-249

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various isotopes produces a "belt of stability." Isotopes below the belt of stability (i.e., with a smaller neutron-to-proton ratio)decay by beta particle emission.

A) True
B) False

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