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Data on Liu Inc.for the most recent year are shown below,along with the inventory conversion period (ICP) of the firms against which it benchmarks.The firm's new CFO believes that the company could reduce its inventory enough to reduce its ICP to the benchmarks' average.If this were done,by how much would inventories decline? Use a 365-day year.  Cost of goods sold =$85,000 Inventory =$20,000 Inventory conversion period (ICP)  =85.88 Benchmark inventory conversion period ( ICP ) =38.00\begin{array} { l r } \text { Cost of goods sold } = & \$ 85,000 \\\text { Inventory } = & \$ 20,000 \\\text { Inventory conversion period (ICP) } = & 85.88 \\\text { Benchmark inventory conversion period } ( \text { ICP } ) = & 38.00\end{array}


A) $7,316
B) $8,129
C) $9,032
D) $10,036
E) $11,151

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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If one of your firm's customers is "stretching" its accounts payable,this may be a nuisance but it does not represent a real financial cost to your firm as long as the customer periodically pays off its entire balance.

A) True
B) False

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Cash is often referred to as a "non-earning" asset.Thus,one goal of cash management is to minimize the amount of cash necessary for conducting a firm's normal business activities.

A) True
B) False

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Although short-term interest rates have historically averaged less than long-term rates,the heavy use of short-term debt is considered to be an aggressive current operating asset financing strategy because of the inherent risks of using short-term financing.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


A) If a firm that sells on terms of net 30 changes its policy to 2/10 net 30, and if no change in sales volume occurs, then the firm's DSO will probably increase.
B) If a firm sells on terms of 2/10 net 30, and its DSO is 30 days, then the firm probably has some past-due accounts.
C) If a firm sells on terms of net 60, and if its sales are highly seasonal, with a sharp peak in December, then its DSO as it is typically calculated (with sales per day = Sales for past 12 months/365) would probably be lower in January than in July.
D) If a firm changed the credit terms offered to its customers from 2/10 net 30 to 2/10 net 60, then its sales should increase, and this should lead to an increase in sales per day, and that should lead to a decrease in the DSO.
E) Other things held constant, the higher a firm's days sales outstanding (DSO) , the better its credit department.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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The concept of permanent current operating assets reflects the fact that some components of current assets do not shrink to zero even when a business is at its seasonal or cyclical low.Thus,permanent current operating assets represent a minimum level of current assets that must be financed.

A) True
B) False

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Accruals are "spontaneous," but unfortunately,due to law and economic forces,firms have little control over the level of these accounts.

A) True
B) False

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The cash budget and the capital budget are handled separately,and although they are both important,they are developed completely independently of one another.

A) True
B) False

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Since depreciation is a non-cash charge,it neither appears on nor has any effect on the cash budget.Thus,if the depreciation charge for the coming year doubled or halved,this would have no effect on the cash budget.

A) True
B) False

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Summary balance sheet data for Greener Gardens Co.is shown below (in thousands of dollars) .The company is in a highly seasonal business,and the data show its assets and liabilities at peak and off-peak seasons:  Cash  Peak  Off-Peak  Marketable securities $50$30 Accounts receivable 020 Inventories 4020 Net fixed assets 10050 Total assets 500500 Payables and accruals $$30$10 Lhort-term bank debt $500 Cong-term debt 300300 Common equity 310$310 Total dams $690$690\begin{array}{lrr}\text { Cash } & \text { Peak } & \text { Off-Peak } \\\text { Marketable securities } & \$ 50 & \$ 30 \\\text { Accounts receivable } & 0 & 20 \\\text { Inventories } & 40 & 20 \\\text { Net fixed assets } & 100 & 50 \\\text { Total assets } & \underline{500} & \underline{500}\\ \\\text { Payables and accruals } & \$\$ 30&\$ 10 \\\text { Lhort-term bank debt } & \$ 50&0 \\\text { Cong-term debt } & 300&300 \\\text { Common equity } & 310 & \$ 310 \\\text { Total dams } & \underline{\$690}& \underline{\$690} \end{array} From this data we may conclude that


A) Greener Gardens' current asset financing policy is relatively aggressive; that is, the company finances some of its permanent assets with short-term discretionary debt.
B) Greener Gardens follows a relatively conservative approach to current asset financing; that is, some of its short-term needs are met by permanent capital.
C) Without income statement data, we cannot determine the aggressiveness or conservatism of the company's current asset financing policy.
D) Without cash flow data, we cannot determine the aggressiveness or conservatism of the company's current asset financing policy.
E) Greener Gardens' current asset financing policy calls for exactly matching asset and liability maturities.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Short-term financing is riskier than long-term financing since,during periods of tight credit,the firm may not be able to rollover (renew)its debt.This is especially true if the funds are used to finance long-term assets rather than short-term assets.

A) True
B) False

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Exhibit 21.1 Hardwig Inc. is considering whether to pursue a restricted or relaxed current asset investment policy. The firm's annual sales are expected to total $3,600,000, its fixed assets turnover ratio equals 4.0, and its debt and common equity are each 50% of total assets. EBIT is $150,000, the interest rate on the firm's debt is 10%, and the tax rate is 40%. If the company follows a restricted policy, its total assets turnover will be 2.5. Under a relaxed policy its total assets turnover will be 2.2. -Refer to Exhibit 21.1.If the firm adopts a restricted policy,how much lower would its interest expense be than under the relaxed policy?


A) $8,418
B) $8,861
C) $9,327
D) $9,818
E) $10,309

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following items should a company report directly in its monthly cash budget?


A) Cash proceeds from selling one of its divisions.
B) Accrued interest on zero coupon bonds that it issued.
C) New shares issued in a stock split.
D) New shares issued in a stock dividend.
E) Its monthly depreciation expense.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following actions should Reece Windows take if it wants to reduce its cash conversion cycle?


A) Take steps to reduce the DSO.
B) Start paying its bills sooner, which would reduce the average accounts payable but not affect sales.
C) Sell common stock to retire long-term bonds.
D) Sell an issue of long-term bonds and use the proceeds to buy back some of its common stock.
E) Increase average inventory without increasing sales.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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A lockbox plan is most beneficial to firms that


A) have widely dispersed manufacturing facilities.
B) have a large marketable securities portfolio and cash to protect.
C) receive payments in the form of currency, such as fast food restaurants, rather than in the form of checks.
D) have customers who operate in many different parts of the country.
E) have suppliers who operate in many different parts of the country.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Hinkle Corporation buys on terms of 2/15,net 60 days.It does not take discounts,and it typically pays on time,60 days after the invoice date.Net purchases amount to $550,000 per year.On average,what is the dollar amount of total trade credit (costly + free) the firm receives during the year,i.e.,what are its average accounts payable? (Assume a 365-day year,and note that purchases are net of discounts.)


A) $90,411
B) $94,932
C) $99,678
D) $104,662
E) $109,895

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Data on Mertz Co.for the most recent year are shown below,along with the payables deferral period (PDP) for the firms against which it benchmarks.The firm's new CFO believes that the company could delay payments enough to increase its PDP to the benchmarks' average.If this were done,by how much would payables increase? Use a 365-day year.  Cost of goods sold =$75,000 Payables =$5,000Payables deferral period =24.33 Benchmark payables deferral period =30.00\begin{array} { l r } \text { Cost of goods sold } = & \$ 75,000 \\\text { Payables } = & \$ 5,000 \\\text {Payables deferral period } = &24.33\\\text { Benchmark payables deferral period } = & 30.00\end{array}


A) $764
B) $849
C) $943
D) $1,048
E) $1,164

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Firms generally choose to finance temporary current operating assets with short-term debt because


A) short-term interest rates have traditionally been more stable than long-term interest rates.
B) a firm that borrows heavily on a long-term basis is more apt to be unable to repay the debt than a firm that borrows short term.
C) the yield curve is normally downward sloping.
D) short-term debt has a higher cost than equity capital.
E) matching the maturities of assets and liabilities reduces risk under some circumstances, and also because short-term debt is often less expensive than long-term capital.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following statements is most consistent with efficient inventory management? The firm has a


A) low incidence of production schedule disruptions.
B) below average total assets turnover ratio.
C) relatively high current ratio.
D) relatively low DSO.
E) below average inventory turnover ratio.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


A) The cash budget and the capital budget are developed separately, and although they are both important to the firm, one does not affect the other.
B) Since depreciation is a non-cash charge, it neither appears on nor has any effect on the cash budget.
C) The target cash balance should be set such that it need not be adjusted for seasonal patterns and unanticipated fluctuations in receipts, although it should be changed to reflect long-term changes in the firm's operations.
D) The typical cash budget reflects interest paid on loans as well as income from the investment of surplus cash. These numbers, as well as other items on the cash budget, are expected values; hence, actual results might vary from the budgeted amounts.
E) Shorter-term cash budgets, in general, are used primarily for planning purposes, while longer-term budgets are used for actual cash control.

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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