Question 1

In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) __________ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _________ temperament is more highly valued.

Accepted Answer

A)   active; inhibited
B)   inhibited; active
C)   inner-focused; outward-focused
D)   outward-focused; inner-focusedE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

A smile that does NOT occur in response to external stimuli is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexive smile.
B)   social smile.
C)   protective smile.
D)   attentive smile.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers

Accepted Answer

A)   are less able to be nurturing caregivers than mothers.
B)   are biologically more suited for a nurturing caregiver role than are mothers.
C)   interact with their babies in different ways depending on whether they are the primary caregiver.
D)   interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do,regardless of which parent is the primary caregiver.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants.

Accepted Answer

(a)Insecure avoidant babies exhibit inse...

Question 5

A type of "baby cry" that is characterized by a sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning followed by breath-holding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A type of "baby cry" that is...

Question 6

Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction.These researchers are studying the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   trust.
B)   attachment.
C)   temperament.
D)   sense of self.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will MOST likely be delayed in

Accepted Answer

A)   the development of emotions.
B)   the expression of emotions.
C)   the regulation of emotions.
D)   expressing positive but not negative emotions.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Explain goodness of fit.

Accepted Answer

Goodness of fit refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope.

Question 9

This theorist argues that inhibition is the key characteristics of temperament.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This theorist argues that inhibition is the...

Question 10

List the three types of temperament as classified by Stella Thomas and Alexander Chess (1977,1991).Describe the characteristics of babies in each of the categories.

Accepted Answer

Easy child: infant is generally in a pos...

Question 11

Stranger anxiety is negatively correlated with

Accepted Answer

A)   proximity to mother.
B)   emotional maturity.
C)   temperament.
D)   age of the stranger.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following BEST accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

A)   He developed autonomy during childhood.
B)   He has a close attachment with his parents.
C)   He has an easy temperament.
D)   He developed trust as an infant.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

An attachment classification that is characterized by the infant's behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants explore the playroom when the caregiver is present,may mildly protest when the caregiver leaves the room,but establish positive interactions with caregiver on reunion.

Accepted Answer

securely a...

Question 14

The idea that children have different temperaments should lead parents to realize that

Accepted Answer

A)   self-fulfilling prophecies are not a concern in child-rearing.
B)   there is little they can do to influence their children's personalities.
C)   there is no single best way to raise all children.
D)   conflict with their children is inevitable and normal at some point in their lives.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition to the unfamiliar.
B)   positive or negative mood state.
C)   effortful control.
D)   (hyper) activity level.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which type of smiling occurs as a response to an external stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   social smiling
B)   reflexive smiling
C)   both reflexive and social smiling
D)   neither reflexive nor social smilingE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Children can begin to regulate their emotions

Accepted Answer

A)   by age 3.
B)   by age 2.
C)   by age 1.
D)   shortly after birth.E) None of the above
F) A) and B) D

Question 18

Mary Rothbart and John Bates (2006) believe that which of these is an important dimension of infant temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)   activity level
B)   self-regulation
C)   being slow to warm up
D)   behavioral inhibitionE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mothers smile more at their children.
B)   Fathers are more physical with their children.
C)   Mothers express more emotions with their children.
D)   Fathers are less affectionate with their children.E) None of the above
F) A) and B) B

Question 20

A smile in response to an external stimulus,which,early in development,typically is a face.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A smile in response to an external...

Exam 4: Physical Development and Health

In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) __________ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _________ temperament is more highly valued.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A smile that does NOT occur in response to external stimuli is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants.

Correct Answerverified(a)Insecure avoidant babies exhibit inse...View AnswerShow Answer

A type of "baby cry" that is characterized by a sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning followed by breath-holding.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction.These researchers are studying the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will MOST likely be delayed in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain goodness of fit.

Correct AnswerverifiedGoodness of fit refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope.

This theorist argues that inhibition is the key characteristics of temperament.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the three types of temperament as classified by Stella Thomas and Alexander Chess (1977,1991).Describe the characteristics of babies in each of the categories.

Correct AnswerverifiedEasy child: infant is generally in a pos...View AnswerShow Answer

Stranger anxiety is negatively correlated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following BEST accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An attachment classification that is characterized by the infant's behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants explore the playroom when the caregiver is present,may mildly protest when the caregiver leaves the room,but establish positive interactions with caregiver on reunion.

Correct Answerverifiedsecurely a...View AnswerShow Answer

The idea that children have different temperaments should lead parents to realize that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of smiling occurs as a response to an external stimulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children can begin to regulate their emotions

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Mary Rothbart and John Bates (2006) believe that which of these is an important dimension of infant temperament?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A smile in response to an external stimulus,which,early in development,typically is a face.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) __ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _ temperament is more highly valued.

Correct Answer
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(a)Insecure avoidant babies exhibit inse...
View Answer

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Goodness of fit refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Easy child: infant is generally in a pos...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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securely a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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D

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B

Correct Answer
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