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Define self-conscious emotions and provide two examples.What are the two criteria necessary for children to experience self-conscious emotions? What is an especial influence on their development during the early childhood years? Give an example of this influence.

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Self-conscious emotions are those that i...

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Four-year old Becky has just hit her sister again.What should Becky's mom do? Most developmental psychologists would suggest


A) give Becky a spanking; she is too young to understand reasoning.
B) explain to Becky that "hitting hurts"; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behavior.
C) give Becky a "time-out"; she is too young to understand reasoning.
D) give Becky a spanking; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behavior,and should be punished accordingly.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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This theorist proposed that parenting behavior can best understood when both parent control/discipline and parent acceptance/responsiveness are taken into account.

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Which parenting style leads to social incompetence in children?


A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) neglectful

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The primary social theories of gender include all of the following,EXCEPT


A) evolutionary psychology view.
B) social role theory.
C) psychoanalytic theory.
D) social cognitive theory.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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List four characteristics that are generally associated with the firstborn child.Discuss what accounts for these differences.

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Firstborn children are more adult-orient...

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Why does China have lower rates of child abuse than the United States?


A) China does not have well-established child abuse reporting laws.
B) The Chinese have larger,more extended families.
C) The Chinese rarely use physical punishment for discipline.
D) China has much more severe punishment for child abusers.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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How does maternal employment outside of the home affect children?


A) Children are not properly socialized for the adult roles they will occupy.
B) Children are not able to develop a secure attachment to their parents.
C) Children tend to perform poorly academically.
D) None of these

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following parenting styles has low demands and high responsiveness?


A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) neglectful

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A cognitive structure that consists of a network of associations that guides and organizes an individual's perceptions.

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Parents who deny,ignore,or try to change the negative emotions of their children.

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emotion-di...

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When a 2-year-old pretends to "eat" a book and uses this type of play as a funny way to explore ideas,this play is referred to as


A) practice.
B) sensorimotor.
C) constructive.
D) symbolic.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In order for children to take effective moral action,they need to be able to __________ and __________.


A) learn how to identify emotional states in others; anticipate what will improve others' emotional states.
B) learn to regulate their own emotional states; teach other children to regulate their emotional states.
C) overcome their innate desire to hurt others; learn to do things for the good of the group.
D) deny their natural selfish tendencies; be concerned with the well-being of other people.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Who developed the theory of sensorimotor play?


A) Anna Freud
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) Mildred Parten

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Parents who monitor their children's emotions,view their children's negative emotions as opportunities for teaching,and assist their children in labeling their emotions.

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emotion-co...

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Jean Piaget was primarily interested in


A) moral reasoning of children.
B) moral behavior of children.
C) how parents teach moral standards to children.
D) the biological basis of moral integrity.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Penelope has low self-esteem and is unhappy.She appears to be anxious around her peers and has few friends.Her teacher asks her why she sat by herself at lunch.Penelope stated that the other kids would not want her to join them,because she is ugly and dumb.It is most likely that she grew up in a home with parents who were


A) authoritarian.
B) authoritative.
C) indulgent.
D) neglectful.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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A kind of parenting style that encourages children to be independent,but still places limits and controls on child behavior.The parents allow verbal give-and-take and are nurturing toward their children.

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Children between the ages of 4 and 12 usually prefer to play in groups that are made up of


A) mixed ages.
B) the same sex.
C) boys and girls.
D) children with their own level of social competence.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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According to Erik Erikson,what is the "great governor" of initiative?


A) conscience
B) independence
C) fear
D) obedience

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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