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William invested in an initial public offering.After a month he lost 5 percent.After a year he lost 50 percent.After two years he lost 80 percent.William's decision to keep the investment is an example of ____.


A) political forces
B) intuition
C) escalation of commitment
D) rationality
E) satisficing

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The administrative model of decision making assumes that managers are imperfect.This means that managers


A) are stupid.
B) lack training and education.
C) suffer from human biases.
D) don't care about decision outcomes.
E) fail to understand the decision making process.

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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As it relates to decision making,the term best alternative implies decision accuracy and efficiency.

A) True
B) False

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Ryan is trying to hire a new engineer.She has all of the qualifications he wants,with one exception.As a decision alternative,this engineer fails the test of feasibility.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is NOT an example of an interacting group?


A) Standing committee
B) Delphi group
C) Task force
D) Functional department
E) Ad hoc committee

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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The process of choosing one alternative from among many alternatives is called


A) satisficing.
B) problem solving.
C) bounded rationality.
D) decision making.
E) None of these.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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A(n)___________________________________ solicits opinions from experts who contribute individually.

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Delphi group

The senior pastor at Princeton Alliance Church needs to select a pastor of adult ministry.This is an example of


A) decision making under uncertainty.
B) decision making under risk.
C) decision making under absolute certainty.
D) decision making under unrealistic conditions.
E) None of these.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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According to the text,the word "best" is used to select a decision alternative related to the ____________________ of the decision.

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Circuit City went bankrupt because of a series of poor managerial decisions and a down turn in the economy.In retrospect,it would seem that there was too much emphasis on the group reaching a consensus decision.As a result,many decisions were made to avoid conflict.What disadvantage of group decision making does this represent?


A) Domination
B) Groupthink
C) Irrationality
D) Compromise
E) Coalitions

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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In the classical decision making model,"optimization" means


A) implementing two or more alternatives simultaneously.
B) choosing the alternative with the best overall expected outcomes.
C) gathering the most complete information before making the decision.
D) reaching a satisfactory level of performance.
E) None of these.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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One component of problem recognition is defining precisely what the problem is.

A) True
B) False

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True

The term satisficing refers to the idea that people's rationality has limits.

A) True
B) False

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False

Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making when compared to individual decision making?


A) The group process is less expensive.
B) Groupthink may occur.
C) Compromise decisions resulting from indecisiveness may emerge.
D) More alternatives are likely to be generated.
E) One person may dominate the group.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Zhenfu invested his savings in a bank certificate of deposit because that is where he has always put his savings,and because he is very concerned about the safety of his investment.Zhenfu knows at the end of two years he will have $52,546.73.He is operating under the decision-making condition known as risk.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a true statement?


A) The classical model of decision making is a prescriptive model.
B) The administrative model of decision making is a descriptive model.
C) The classical model focuses on the real world,while the administrative model shows us the ideal world.
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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U.S.Steel and the United Steelworkers announced an agreement on a 3 year contract.The agreement was a(n)____________________ decision.

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Which of the following is the most common form of a decision-making group?


A) Interacting
B) Delphi
C) Nominal
D) Reactive
E) Interdependent

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Tony Hayward,former CEO of BP,made statements and decisions about vacations during the oil spill that led to him stepping down as CEO.This shows he used the classical decision making model.

A) True
B) False

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Choosing between alternatives is risk assessment.

A) True
B) False

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