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The cause for failure of the Roanoke colony


A) was a severe food shortage.
B) is historically inconclusive.
C) deterred the English from another colonizing effort for forty years.
D) was the death of the colony's governor.
E) was a virulent malarial epidemic.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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The English Reformation resulted from


A) the threat of war between England and France.
B) a political dispute between King Henry VIII and the Catholic Church.
C) the rise of Lutheranism within the English Church.
D) the persecution of liberal priests by King James I.
E) the defeat of the Spanish Armada.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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In what way were Martin Luther and John Calvin important to English Puritans?


A) These two men would help found the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
B) Luther and Calvin encouraged the Puritans to leave England for the New World.
C) Luther and Calvin advocated ideas of religious reform that influenced Puritan thought.
D) They were the most influential English Puritans of the seventeenth century.
E) Luther and Calvin helped to break the hold of predestination on the Puritan mind.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following was NOT a Spanish policy toward the Pueblo Indians meant to reduce conflicts in the eighteenth century?


A) intensified efforts at assimilating the Pueblos
B) a willingness to permit the Pueblos to own their own land
C) toleration of tribal religious rituals
D) expansion of the encomienda system
E) a stop to commandeering Indian labor

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Mercantilists promoted colonization as a means to acquire the inexhaustible wealth of the New World.

A) True
B) False

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Large land grants to favored Spaniards were called ________.

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The significant Indian trading center near present-day St.Louis was called ________.

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The eleventh century explorations and discoveries of Leif Eriksson were common knowledge in the European world of the fifteenth century.

A) True
B) False

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The English concluded from their colonial experiences in Ireland that


A) they should not try to convert indigenous people to English religious beliefs.
B) English colonists should maintain a rigid separation from the indigenous population.
C) military expenditures were fiscally wasteful.
D) indigenous populations were essential as the major colonial labor source.
E) harsh treatment of indigenous populations could lead to rebellion.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Discuss the economic and religious factors critical to English colonization.

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Spanish colonists both enslaved Indians and forced them into indentured servant status.

A) True
B) False

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The internal African slave trade did not become prominent until the Europeans began to demand slave labor for the New World.

A) True
B) False

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Cahokia was a large trading center located near what present-day city?


A) St.Louis
B) Memphis
C) New Orleans
D) Baton Rouge
E) Detroit

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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The portion of west Africa that provided the majority of slaves for the Spanish Empire of the sixteenth century


A) was a primitive region dominated by warring tribal societies.
B) had little commercial contact with the Mediterranean world.
C) was dominated by the Christian faith.
D) had well-developed economies and political systems.
E) had no important cities or trading centers.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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In 1518,Hernando Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs was made possible largely due to


A) political divisions within Aztec leadership.
B) the exposure of the Aztecs to smallpox.
C) the brutality of the Spanish conquistadores.
D) Spanish alliances with enemies of the Aztecs.
E) Spanish co-opting of the Aztec religion.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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When Europeans arrived in North America,native tribes were generally able to unite in opposition to white encroachments on their land.

A) True
B) False

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The teachings of John Calvin


A) produced a strong desire among his followers to lead lives that were virtuous.
B) were most rapidly accepted in southern Europe.
C) were officially adopted by the Church of England.
D) were at odds with Catholic doctrines,but not with Catholic practices.
E) helped to promote the doctrine of free will so vital to encouraging exploration.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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What European explorer gave the Pacific Ocean its name?


A) Amerigo Vespucci
B) Vasco de Balboa
C) Juan Ponce de León
D) Ferdinand Magellan
E) Hernando Cortés

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Puritan discontent in England grew rapidly after the death of ________.

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The Spanish referred to people of mixed race as ________.

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