Question 1

Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society is the central pattern in

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror-image perception.
B)   the jigsaw problem.
C)   perceived injustice.
D)   a social dilemma.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above D

Question 2

In both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma,people are tempted to explain their own behavior _______ and others' behavior _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   situationally; situationally
B)   dispositionally; dispositionally
C)   situationally; dispositionally
D)   dispositionally; situationallyE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

Christina and Massimo have been saving money since they got married.Now Massimo wants to buy a new car,but Christina wants to continue saving for a new house.Massimo and Christina

Accepted Answer

A)   are experiencing conflict.
B)   are experiencing dissonance.
C)   have mirror-image perceptions.
D)   are developing superordinate goals.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

found that 12% described the opposing party as _______ and 74% perceived themselves as _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cooperative; cooperative
B)   intelligent; intelligent
C)   cooperative; competitive
D)   rational; competentE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

In small groups - as opposed to large ones - individuals are

Accepted Answer

A)   more likely to take more than their equal share.
B)   less anonymous and thus less cooperative.
C)   less likely to take more than their equal share.
D)   more open about their conflicts.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

What is your ideal definition of justice in an intimate relationship? Is it the same as your ideal definition of justice in the realm of economics? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is your ideal definition of justice...

Question 7

Research on laboratory dilemmas reveals that cooperation is facilitated if

Accepted Answer

A)   one person is 100% cooperative.
B)   the opponents can communicate with one another.
C)   the game is changed into a zero-sum game.
D)   the size of the payoffs is increased.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D) B

Question 8

In the Prisoner's Dilemma,if both prisoners confess,each will get a _______; if neither confesses,each will _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   moderate sentence; get a light sentence
B)   severe sentence; get a light sentence
C)   severe sentence; go free
D)   moderate sentence; get a severe sentenceE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

gave Japanese students opportunities to harvest trees in a simulated forest for money.When the students equally shared the costs of planting the forest,the result was that

Accepted Answer

A)   most of the trees were left to grow too tall for harvesting because the students bickered about the criterion to be used in sharing profits.
B)   most of the trees were harvested before they had grown to the most profitable size.
C)   none of the trees were harvested because the collectivist students did not want to be the first to ask for his or her share.
D)   students made maximum profit not only for themselves individually but for the group.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which one of the following is an example of a non-zero-sum game?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Prisoner's Dilemma
B)   the Commons Dilemma
C)   both the Prisoner's and the Commons Dilemmas
D)   neither the Prisoner's nor the Commons DilemmasE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The relationship between the size of a commons and a person's feeling of responsibility for it is

Accepted Answer

A)   positive.
B)   negative.
C)   neutral.
D)   curvilinear.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror-image perceptions.
B)   stereotypic reciprocation.
C)   complementary images.
D)   reciprocal illusions.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

When individuals consume more than their share,and the cost of doing so is dispersed among all,the result is called

Accepted Answer

A)   greed.
B)   environmental devastation.
C)   overconsumption.
D)   the tragedy of the commons.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

As Sherif noted,despite the fact that the behavior of the boys in the warring camps seemed "wicked,disturbed,and vicious," what actually triggered their evil behavior was

Accepted Answer

A)   their leaders' modeling of aggression.
B)   their delinquent backgrounds.
C)   their ethnic identities.
D)   an evil situation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

Accepted Answer

A)   regulation
B)   making the group smaller
C)   communication
D)   competitionE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

John believes that he is hardworking and that his wife Rachel is lazy.Rachel believes that she is hardworking and that John is lazy.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   an inequitable relationship.
B)   mirror-image perception.
C)   a superordinate goal.
D)   a social trap.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following is cited in the text as an example of changing payoffs to resolve social dilemmas?

Accepted Answer

A)   allowing carpoolers to drive in the faster, freeway lane
B)   requiring carpool cars and vans to park in special, larger parking lots farther away from the office building
C)   lowering the price of gasoline well below $1 per gallon
D)   raising the price of gasoline well above $5 per gallonE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

One aspect of mirror-image perception is that one side tends to

Accepted Answer

A)   exaggerate their differences from their adversaries.
B)   see itself reflected in the way others see it.
C)   see the situation as the reflection of an evil situation.
D)   agree with the other side.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Despite official government warnings of a severe water shortage,most citizens fail to conserve in the belief that their personal water consumption will have little effect on the community's total water supply.The eventual depletion of the community's water resources provides an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror-image perceptions.
B)   individualistic calamity.
C)   the tragedy of the commons.
D)   rational disaster.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

In the tragedy of the commons,the "commons" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   disputed border territory.
B)   stolen goods or winnings.
C)   any jointly used, finite resource.
D)   private property that repeatedly changes ownership.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above C

Exam 28: Causes of Conflict

Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society is the central pattern in

Correct AnswerverifiedD

In both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma,people are tempted to explain their own behavior _______ and others' behavior _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Christina and Massimo have been saving money since they got married.Now Massimo wants to buy a new car,but Christina wants to continue saving for a new house.Massimo and Christina

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

found that 12% described the opposing party as _______ and 74% perceived themselves as _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In small groups - as opposed to large ones - individuals are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is your ideal definition of justice in an intimate relationship? Is it the same as your ideal definition of justice in the realm of economics? Why or why not?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on laboratory dilemmas reveals that cooperation is facilitated if

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In the Prisoner's Dilemma,if both prisoners confess,each will get a _______; if neither confesses,each will _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

gave Japanese students opportunities to harvest trees in a simulated forest for money.When the students equally shared the costs of planting the forest,the result was that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is an example of a non-zero-sum game?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relationship between the size of a commons and a person's feeling of responsibility for it is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When individuals consume more than their share,and the cost of doing so is dispersed among all,the result is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As Sherif noted,despite the fact that the behavior of the boys in the warring camps seemed "wicked,disturbed,and vicious," what actually triggered their evil behavior was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John believes that he is hardworking and that his wife Rachel is lazy.Rachel believes that she is hardworking and that John is lazy.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is cited in the text as an example of changing payoffs to resolve social dilemmas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One aspect of mirror-image perception is that one side tends to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite official government warnings of a severe water shortage,most citizens fail to conserve in the belief that their personal water consumption will have little effect on the community's total water supply.The eventual depletion of the community's water resources provides an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the tragedy of the commons,the "commons" refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedC

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D

In both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma,people are tempted to explain their own behavior _ and others' behavior _.

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found that 12% described the opposing party as _ and 74% perceived themselves as _.

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B

In the Prisoner's Dilemma,if both prisoners confess,each will get a _; if neither confesses,each will _.

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C