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The tragedies of Kent State and Jackson State occurred during protests over the American expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia by the Nixon administration.

A) True
B) False

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In the 1972 presidential election,


A) Richard Nixon won over 60 percent of the popular vote.
B) Richard Nixon won a narrow victory in the Electoral College.
C) George Wallace only carried California and the District of Columbia.
D) Richard Nixon won a narrow victory in the Electoral College and won over 60 percent of the popular vote.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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In the Supreme Court case of Milliken v.Bradley (1974) ,the Court


A) struck down a plan to transfer students across municipal lines to achieve racial balance.
B) handed down a decision that delighted both liberals and conservatives.
C) upheld the principle of affirmative action.
D) eliminated all restrictions on performing abortions.
E) None of these answers is correct.

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to


A) expand the war effort to all parts of Indochina.
B) declare an immediate end to the conflict.
C) have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.
D) expand the war effort to all parts of Vietnam.
E) concentrate American military power on destroying the NLF.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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In 1972,two Washington Post reporters uncovered evidence linking the Watergate break-in to


A) both the Committee for the Re-Election of the President, and a secret reelection fund controlled by White House staff.
B) a secret reelection fund controlled by White House staff.
C) a former employee of the Nixon White House.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) the Committee for the Reelection of the President.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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D

In 1972,the United States' "Christmas bombing" of North Vietnam


A) later drew an apology from President Richard Nixon.
B) saw the United States suffer, by far, its greatest loss of bombers in the war.
C) avoided Hanoi for the sake of continuing peace talks.
D) dramatically altered the terms of the final peace agreement.
E) resulted in a collapse of the peace talks.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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What was the essential philosophy of the counterculture,and why did it so upset many Americans?

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In 1973,the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries


A) raised the price of oil by 500 percent.
B) both refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel, and raised the price of oil by 500 percent.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel.
E) helped to precipitate a fuel shortage in the United States.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In 1964,a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkeley over


A) the military draft.
B) the rights of students to engage in free speech.
C) corporate influence on the university's military research projects.
D) the cost of tuition and student housing.
E) the question of graduate student unionization.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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As a result of the Vietnam War,


A) All these answers are correct.
B) Laos fell to the murderous communists of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge.
C) more than 1.2 million Vietnamese soldiers died.
D) the United States suffered more than 500,000 killed and wounded.
E) Vietnam became one of the world's richest nations.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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,the Supreme Court


A) ruled that limits on campaign funding violated the right to free speech.
B) declared that the application procedure for federal jobs must be open to the public.
C) sharply limited government curbs on pornography.
D) ruled that forced busing to integrate public schools was constitutional.
E) ruled that prayers in public schools were unconstitutional.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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ruled that Nixon must


A) resign.
B) turn over audio tape recordings from the Oval Office to the special prosecutor.
C) be impeached.
D) be held in contempt of court.
E) no longer tape conversations in the Oval Office.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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When the Supreme Court handed down the Roe v.Wade decision,abortion became legal for the first time in American history.

A) True
B) False

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In the late 1960s and early 1970s all of the following occurred due to American Indian activism,EXCEPT


A) Congress granting "independent nation" status to Indian reservations within the United States.
B) Indians fighting for old treaty fishing rights in Washington State.
C) Indians occupying Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay.
D) Congress passing an Indian Civil Rights Act.
E) the appointment of a Mohawk-Sioux as Nixon's commissioner of Indian affairs.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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How did President Nixon go about bringing an end to the Vietnam War? What effect did his methods have on the war and on the American public mood?

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Between 1960 and 1970,the Latino population of the United States


A) doubled.
B) rose by 50 percent.
C) rose by 25 percent.
D) sextupled.
E) tripled.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Why is American participation in the Vietnam War so rarely described as a "good war," as was the case for World War II?

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American participation in the Vietnam War is rarely described as a "good war" because of a variety of factors. Unlike World War II, which was widely seen as a necessary and just conflict to defeat fascism, the Vietnam War was much more controversial and divisive. First, the Vietnam War was not a clear-cut conflict between good and evil, like World War II. It was a complex and messy war with shifting alliances and objectives, making it difficult for many Americans to fully support or understand. Additionally, the Vietnam War was seen as an unnecessary and costly intervention in a distant country, with unclear goals and an unclear path to victory. Furthermore, the Vietnam War was marked by widespread protests, social unrest, and a growing anti-war movement in the United States. These factors contributed to a sense of disillusionment and questioning of the war's legitimacy, which contrasts sharply with the widespread national unity and support for World War II. Finally, the Vietnam War had a significant impact on American society, leading to a loss of faith in government and institutions, as well as a deepening divide between generations. This lasting legacy has contributed to a reluctance to view the Vietnam War as a "good war" in the same way that World War II is often remembered. Overall, the complex and controversial nature of the Vietnam War has led to its portrayal as a deeply problematic and divisive conflict, rather than a "good war" like World War II.

Was the new youth culture truly a "revolution" in America? What were its limits?

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The new youth culture of the 1960s, often referred to as the "counterculture," can certainly be seen as a revolution in America. This movement represented a significant shift in social norms, values, and attitudes, particularly in regards to issues such as civil rights, feminism, and opposition to the Vietnam War. The youth culture challenged traditional authority and advocated for greater personal freedom and self-expression. This was reflected in the rise of the hippie movement, the popularity of rock music, and the widespread use of recreational drugs. However, the new youth culture also had its limits. While it succeeded in sparking important social and political changes, it also faced criticism and backlash from mainstream society. The movement's emphasis on anti-establishment ideas and unconventional lifestyles led to tensions with older generations and conservative groups. Additionally, some critics argued that the counterculture's focus on personal liberation and hedonistic pursuits could be self-indulgent and lacking in real substance. Furthermore, as with any social movement, the new youth culture was not without its internal divisions and contradictions. While it advocated for equality and social justice, it also struggled with issues of race and gender discrimination within its own ranks. Additionally, the commercialization and commodification of countercultural symbols and practices eventually diluted their original meaning and impact. In conclusion, while the new youth culture of the 1960s represented a revolutionary moment in American history, it also had its limitations. Its impact was significant, but it was not without its flaws and challenges.

Throughout the Vietnam War,deferments from the military draft were increasingly easy to obtain for those in college.

A) True
B) False

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In 1972,the Equal Rights Amendment


A) had been promoted since the 1920s by some feminists.
B) was strongly opposed by some women.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) seemed almost certain to be ratified.
E) was passed by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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