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Which of the following is not an antiphagocytic factor?


A) Secretion of slime
B) Production of leukocidins
C) Adhering to the host
D) Secretion of a capsule
E) Ability to survive intracellularly

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Most of the skin's resident biota are found in the uppermost,superficial layers of the epidermis.

A) True
B) False

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Each of the following bring about inoculation of normal biota to a newborn except ________.


A) the birth process through the birth canal
B) bottle feeding
C) breast feeding
D) contact with hospital staff
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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Local edema,swollen lymph nodes,fever,soreness,and abscesses are indications of ________.


A) toxemia
B) inflammation
C) sequelae
D) a syndrome
E) latency

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The number of persons afflicted with an infectious disease is the ________ rate.


A) morbidity
B) mortality
C) incidence
D) endemic
E) pandemic

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit for an infectious disease?


A) Removal of blood
B) Urogenital tract and feces
C) Coughing and sneezing
D) Skin
E) All of these are normal exit portals.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following pairs is mismatched?


A) Fimbriae - adherence to substrate
B) Capsules - antiphagocytic factor
C) Coagulase - dissolve fibrin clots
D) Leukocidins - damage white blood cells
E) Hemolysins - damage red blood cells

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following is a direct contact method of microbe transmission?


A) Fomites
B) Water
C) Vectors
D) Aerosols
E) Droplets

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an education course to new graduate nurses regarding the process of infection control and prevention. -The infectious disease RN discusses scenarios that require hand washing with germicidal soap and water instead of alcohol-based hand cleanser.Which of the following statements by a new nurse is most accurate regarding when hands should be washed with soap and water?  


A) "I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated."
B) "I should wash my hands before applying gloves."
C) "I should wash my hands after removing gloves."
D) "I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated,but also before and after using gloves."

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Once a microbe has entered a host,what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?


A) Phagocytosis
B) Adhesion
C) Encapsulation
D) Margination
E) Exocytosis

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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A 78-year-old male presents to the emergency department reporting a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, rapid rate of breathing, low oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment. -You are diligent to prevent the spread of disease to other patients.Which of the following is the most appropriate type of isolation for this patient,considering the portal of exit for the pathogen in this case?  


A) Standard isolation (gloves)
B) Contact isolation (gown and gloves)
C) Droplet isolation (gown,gloves,and mask)
D) Airborne isolation (gown,gloves,mask,and negative airflow room)

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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The initial,brief period of early,general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches is the ________.


A) prodromal stage
B) convalescent stage
C) incubation period
D) period of invasion
E) None of the choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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A 36-year-old female is bit by a raccoon and presents to the emergency department with mild trauma to her right lower extremity. Following a triage assessment, the patient's wound is cleaned and dressed. The physician verbalizes concern that the patient may have been exposed to rabies from the bite. One role of the RN is to provide education to the patient regarding rabies infection and its transmission. -Rabies is an example of this type of infection,which is indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible to humans ________.


A) mixed infection
B) focal infection
C) zoonotic infection
D) latent infection

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an education course to new graduate nurses regarding the process of infection control and prevention. -As the infectious disease RN,you are familiar with the concept of normal biota.A positive Escherichia coli culture would be unremarkable for which of the following samples? 


A) Stool
B) Sputum
C) Blood
D) Cerebrospinal fluid

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Koch's postulates are easily satisfied for viral diseases.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is not a universal precaution used for handling patients and body substances?


A) Mask and gloves
B) Proper disposal of needles
C) Health care worker with active lesions handling patients
D) Hand washing
E) Sterilizing or disinfecting dental hand pieces

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?


A) Genetic defects in immunity
B) Physical and mental stress
C) Strong,healthy body
D) Chemotherapy
E) Old age

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is the endotoxin?


A) Hemolysin
B) Hyaluronidase
C) Streptokinase
D) Collagenase
E) Lipopolysaccharide

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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The principal government agency responsible for tracking infectious diseases in the United States is the ________.


A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B) World Health Organization
C) National Institutes of Health
D) United States Department of Agriculture
E) Infection Control Committee

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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A 36-year-old female is bit by a raccoon and presents to the emergency department with mild trauma to her right lower extremity. Following a triage assessment, the patient's wound is cleaned and dressed. The physician verbalizes concern that the patient may have been exposed to rabies from the bite. One role of the RN is to provide education to the patient regarding rabies infection and its transmission. -If the patient develops rabies infection,the time from the bite to the appearance of symptoms is referred to as the ________.


A) incubation period
B) prodromal stage
C) period of invasion
D) convalescent period

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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