Question 1

A researcher develops a 20-question test to measure anxiety and administers it to a group of participants. To evaluate the reliability of the test, the researcher computes a score for the first 10 questions and a score for the last 10 questions for each participant and then computes the correlation between the two scores. What is the researcher measuring?

Accepted Answer

A)   split-half reliability
B)   internal reliability
C)   test-retest reliability
D)   inter-rater reliabilityE) B) and D)
F) A) and B) A

Question 2

Validity of a measurement procedure is often established with a correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Operational definitions are necessary to convert hypothetical constructs into observable variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

If people score low on one measure and score low on another measure, there is ____

Accepted Answer

A)   a positive relationship between the two measures
B)   a negative relationship between the two measures
C)   no relationship between the two measures
D)   a cause-and-effect relationship between the two measuresE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

How will participants change their normal behavior if they respond to demand characteristics by adopting "the good subject role?"

Accepted Answer

A)   They will attempt to produce the data that they think you want.
B)   They will attempt to make themselves appear better than they really are.
C)   They will attempt to work against what they think is the research hypothesis.
D)   They will follow instructions without acting on their suspicions about the study.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Describe the problems with relying on face validity when designing a measurement procedure.

Accepted Answer

Face validity is the least scientific fo...

Question 7

An artifact such as experimenter bias is a threat to the validity of measurement because the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   outcome measurements may be distorted by the artifact
B)   artifact is an external factor, unrelated to the experiment
C)   artifact will allow participants to identify the experimental manipulation
D)   artifact will reduce reliability which will, in turn, reduce validityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

A researcher records the number of mathematics problems answered correctly during a 15-minute period. This is an example of measurement on a ratio scale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is meant by the reliability of measurement and describe three methods for measuring reliability.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of...

Question 10

Using a PET scan to measure brain activity while participants solve mathematics problems is an example of using what modality of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report
B)   survey
C)   behavioral
D)   physiologicalE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which type of validity involves demonstrating that we are measuring one specific construct and not combining two different constructs in the same measurement process?

Accepted Answer

A)   face validity
B)   concurrent validity
C)   divergent validity
D)   convergent validityE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Describe what each of the four scales of measurement can tell researchers about the phenomenon being measured.

Accepted Answer

A nominal scale can tell us only that a difference exists, an ordinal scale can tell us that there is a difference and the direction of the difference (which is more and which is less), an interval scale can tell us both of these plus the magnitude of difference, and a ratio scale can tell us all of these plus the ratio of difference.

Question 13

A teacher separates the students in his class into high, medium, and low reading skill groups. What scale of measurement is being used to create the groups?

Accepted Answer

A)   nominal
B)   ordinal
C)   interval
D)   ratioE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Individuals who score low on one variable also tend to score low on another variable. This is an example of a negative relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 15

Using shoe size as a measure of intelligence would produce measurements that have very high test-retest reliability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A researcher plans to evaluate a new reading program by measuring students' reading skill before and after the program begins. If all the students have high reading skills scores before the program begins, then the measurement procedure has a sensitivity problem known as a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   floor effect
B)   ceiling effect
C)   hypersensitive effect
D)   hyposensitive effectE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

If a researcher measures two individuals on a nominal scale, it is impossible to determine which individual has the larger score.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Why is the range effect known as a "ceiling effect" a problem for researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)   The scores are already so high that there is no chance of measuring improvement.
B)   The scores are already so low that there is no chance of measuring a decrease.
C)   There is so much room for improvement that the measurements are almost certain to increase.
D)   There is so much room for lower performance that the measurements are almost certain to decrease.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

To establish split-half reliability, you must administer the same measurement to the same group of people at two different times.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Research results indicate that the more servings of red meat eat from age 15 to 25, the higher their cholesterol scores will be at age 60. This is an example of a ____ relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

A)   cause-and-effect
B)   coincidental
C)   positive
D)   negativeE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 3: Defining and Measuring Variables

Correct Answer
verified
A

Validity of a measurement procedure is often established with a correlation.

Correct Answer
verified

Operational definitions are necessary to convert hypothetical constructs into observable variables.

Correct Answer
verified

If people score low on one measure and score low on another measure, there is ____

Correct Answer
verified

How will participants change their normal behavior if they respond to demand characteristics by adopting "the good subject role?"

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the problems with relying on face validity when designing a measurement procedure.

Correct Answer
verified
Face validity is the least scientific fo...
View Answer

An artifact such as experimenter bias is a threat to the validity of measurement because the ____.

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher records the number of mathematics problems answered correctly during a 15-minute period. This is an example of measurement on a ratio scale.

Correct Answer
verified

What is meant by the reliability of measurement and describe three methods for measuring reliability.

Correct Answer
verified
Reliability refers to the consistency of...
View Answer

Using a PET scan to measure brain activity while participants solve mathematics problems is an example of using what modality of measurement?

Correct Answer
verified

Which type of validity involves demonstrating that we are measuring one specific construct and not combining two different constructs in the same measurement process?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe what each of the four scales of measurement can tell researchers about the phenomenon being measured.

A teacher separates the students in his class into high, medium, and low reading skill groups. What scale of measurement is being used to create the groups?

Correct Answer
verified

Individuals who score low on one variable also tend to score low on another variable. This is an example of a negative relationship between variables.

Correct Answer
verified
False

Using shoe size as a measure of intelligence would produce measurements that have very high test-retest reliability.

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher plans to evaluate a new reading program by measuring students' reading skill before and after the program begins. If all the students have high reading skills scores before the program begins, then the measurement procedure has a sensitivity problem known as a ____.

Correct Answer
verified

If a researcher measures two individuals on a nominal scale, it is impossible to determine which individual has the larger score.

Correct Answer
verified

Why is the range effect known as a "ceiling effect" a problem for researchers?

Correct Answer
verified

To establish split-half reliability, you must administer the same measurement to the same group of people at two different times.

Correct Answer
verified

Research results indicate that the more servings of red meat eat from age 15 to 25, the higher their cholesterol scores will be at age 60. This is an example of a ____ relationship between variables.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 3: Defining and Measuring Variables

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Validity of a measurement procedure is often established with a correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operational definitions are necessary to convert hypothetical constructs into observable variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If people score low on one measure and score low on another measure, there is ____

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How will participants change their normal behavior if they respond to demand characteristics by adopting "the good subject role?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the problems with relying on face validity when designing a measurement procedure.

Correct AnswerverifiedFace validity is the least scientific fo...View AnswerShow Answer

An artifact such as experimenter bias is a threat to the validity of measurement because the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher records the number of mathematics problems answered correctly during a 15-minute period. This is an example of measurement on a ratio scale.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by the reliability of measurement and describe three methods for measuring reliability.

Correct AnswerverifiedReliability refers to the consistency of...View AnswerShow Answer

Using a PET scan to measure brain activity while participants solve mathematics problems is an example of using what modality of measurement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of validity involves demonstrating that we are measuring one specific construct and not combining two different constructs in the same measurement process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what each of the four scales of measurement can tell researchers about the phenomenon being measured.

A teacher separates the students in his class into high, medium, and low reading skill groups. What scale of measurement is being used to create the groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals who score low on one variable also tend to score low on another variable. This is an example of a negative relationship between variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Using shoe size as a measure of intelligence would produce measurements that have very high test-retest reliability.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher plans to evaluate a new reading program by measuring students' reading skill before and after the program begins. If all the students have high reading skills scores before the program begins, then the measurement procedure has a sensitivity problem known as a ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher measures two individuals on a nominal scale, it is impossible to determine which individual has the larger score.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the range effect known as a "ceiling effect" a problem for researchers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To establish split-half reliability, you must administer the same measurement to the same group of people at two different times.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research results indicate that the more servings of red meat eat from age 15 to 25, the higher their cholesterol scores will be at age 60. This is an example of a ____ relationship between variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Face validity is the least scientific fo...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Reliability refers to the consistency of...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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