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In neither monopolistic competition nor oligopoly market structures:


A) is there easy entry and exit.
B) do consumers perceive differences among the products of various competitors.
C) is there a single seller.
D) are economic profits earned in the long run.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The Herfindahl Hirschmann Index (HHI) is a popular measure of competitor size inequality that reflects size differences among large and small firms.Which of the following is true?


A) HHI approaches zero for industries characterized by a large number of very small competitors.
B) Calculated in percentage terms, the HHI is the sum of the market shares for all n industry competitors.
C) A monopoly industry with a single dominant firm is described by a HHI = 100.
D) A vigorously competitive industry where each of the leading four firms enjoy market shares of 25% is described by a HHI = 100.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In an oligopoly market, firms always:


A) offer products that are not perfect substitutes.
B) make decisions in light of expected reactions from other firms.
C) set price equal to marginal cost.
D) are price takers.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Monopolistically competitive firms earn a normal profit whenever price is set equal to:


A) minimum average cost.
B) average cost.
C) average variable cost.
D) average revenue.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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B

Oligopoly is always characterized by:


A) homogeneous products.
B) barriers to entry or exit.
C) perfect dissemination of information.
D) differentiated products.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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When prices in oligopoly markets exceed those in a perfectly competitive equilibrium, this difference is the cost of:


A) information.
B) inefficiency.
C) market power.
D) product differentiation.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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C

If LRAC decline continuously, it is impossible to have:


A) perfect competition.
B) monopolistic competition.
C) oligopoly.
D) monopoly.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In oligopoly equilibrium:


A) MC = AC.
B) MC < AC.
C) MC > AC.
D) MC = MR.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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For a firm in monopolistically competitive market equilibrium:


A) MC > AC.
B) MC = MR.
C) MR > AR.
D) AR > AC.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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B

Firms never face a downward sloping demand curve in markets characterized by:


A) perfect competition.
B) monopolistic competition.
C) oligopoly.
D) monopoly.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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