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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

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Question 1

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If the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone, spontaneous recovery occurs.

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B) False

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Question 2

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What is extinction? How does it differ from forgetting?

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In classical conditioning extinction occ...

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Learning theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning. Describe the two types of conditioning discussed in your text.

Assuming you have eaten sour pickles before, imagine eating a large, juicy sour pickle. If just thinking about the pickles causes your mouth to water, your salivation would be

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as

A toddler has an established conditioned fear of snow. Over the past few weeks every time he sees Santa Claus, snow is always present so he develops a fear of Santa Claus. This example is an illustration of higher-order conditioning.

In positive reinforcement the response is strengthened as a result of the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus; in negative reinforcement a response is strengthened as a result of the removal of a desirable stimulus.

When Diana was three years old, she became terrified when the neighbour's budgie kept flying near her head. Today she is afraid of all birds, including sparrows, pigeons and hadedas. Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins. The coins could then be traded in for banana chips which could be eaten. The coins served as a

In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder

Your younger daughter watches your older daughter wash the breakfast dishes. Later, your younger daughter attempts to wash some dishes. The older daughter has acted as

Given the research findings in this chapter, explain how you would respond to your own children when they did things you did that you did not want them to do. When would you use positive reinforcement? When would you use punishment to teach them things? When would you use negative reinforcement? What kinds of reinforcement schedules would you use? (Be sure that you clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment, negative and positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement and punishment)

The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called

Cassie asked her father for a chocolate bar at the grocery store, and her father bought her the chocolate bar. If Cassie asks for more chocolate bars in the future, the chocolate bar has acted as a

Nicolas has autistic disorder and he was mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of

Jess has a desk right next to her manager's office. Whenever her manager is in his office, Jess makes sure that she works hard at her computer. However, if the manager is away from his office she often works much more slowly and takes more breaks. In this case, the manager being in his office is acting as

Kelly's parents always leave her with the same babysitter when they go out. Within minutes of the babysitter's arrival her parent are gone. Kelly's babysitter arrives at her birthday party; as soon as Kelly sees her she begins to cry. Using the principles of classical conditioning, explain why Kelly cried when she saw the babysitter.

Holly was dancing with her new boyfriend at an Elvis tribute. When the band started playing Can't Help Falling in Love with You, her boyfriend gave her a long, passionate kiss, which Holly found very enjoyable. Now Holly finds that every time she hears Can't Help Falling in Love with You on the radio, she becomes a little flushed. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

The major difference between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is