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The European Union (EU) has been beneficial to electronic commerce because it is no longer necessary to


A) use multiple languages when settling accounts for purchases made across borders.
B) continually monitor currency exchange rates among participating nations.
C) trade with the former Eastern European communist countries.
D) obey international e-trade regulations.
E) use the American dollar as the economic standard.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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________ firm engages in trade and marketing in different countries as an extension of the marketing strategy in its home country.


A) A multidomestic
B) A metropolitan
C) An international
D) A multinational
E) A transnational

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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What global market entry strategy allows a company to make the least number of changes in terms of its product, its organization, and even its corporate goals?


A) exporting
B) licensing
C) joint venture
D) direct investment
E) franchising

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The U.S. Commerce Department imposed additional duties of 31 percent to 250 percent on imported photovoltaic products from Chinese solar manufacturers after ruling that they sold them below cost. The Commerce Department took this action in response to what it saw as


A) tariff avoidance.
B) countertrade.
C) surplus marketing.
D) underbidding.
E) dumping.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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A quota refers to


A) a government tax on products or services entering a country that primarily serves to raise prices on imports.
B) government payments to companies or industries that serve to lower costs and provide a competitive advantage to domestic industries.
C) a restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.
D) a minimum requirement for the purchase of specific products or services between two nations.
E) a refusal to purchase or exchange products or services with another nation unless certain financial or ideological requirements have been satisfied.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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An institution that sets rules governing trade between its members through a panel of trade experts who decide on trade disputes between members and issue binding decisions is referred to as the


A) League of Nations (LoN) .
B) World Trade Organization (WTO) .
C) Association for Commerce Equity (ACE) .
D) United Nations Board of Trade (UNBT) .
E) Global Better Business Bureau (BBB-G) .

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Consider the distribution channels through which a product manufactured in one country must travel to reach its destination in another country. Channels of distribution in global marketing are often long and complex. The availability and quality of retailers and wholesalers as well as transportation, communication, and warehousing facilities are often determined by


A) the seller and the exporter.
B) a country's stage of economic development.
C) the seller's international marketing headquarters and the channels between nations.
D) channels between nations and the channels within the foreign nation.
E) channels within the foreign nation and the foreign retailer.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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U.S. appliance manufacturers note that people in Northern Europe shop only once a week, so they need bigger refrigerators than Southern Europeans who shop daily. Furthermore, Northern Europeans insist that freezers should be on the top just as firmly as Southern Europeans want them on the bottom. Based on this, U.S. appliance manufacturers would more likely be successful if they used ________ marketing strategy.


A) a global
B) a multidomestic
C) a transnational
D) a meganational
E) an international

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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To eliminate the need to continually monitor currency exchange rates, 16 of the countries in the European Union (EU) have adopted a common currency, which is called the


A) pound.
B) franc.
C) euro.
D) mark.
E) dollar.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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The trade feedback effect is one argument for


A) decreasing a nation's exports.
B) free trade agreements.
C) increased tariffs and quotas.
D) international trade associations.
E) decreasing a nation's imports.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Chrysler Corp. wanted to sell its Jeeps in Japan. The car was priced in U.S. dollars at about $19,000, but when it reached the Japanese car showrooms, its price was over 3,100,000 Japanese yen, and the Japanese could not afford to buy it. Its price was set without regard for the


A) balance of price.
B) currency exchange rate.
C) reciprocity price.
D) balance of payments.
E) balance of trade.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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In Japan, women give men chocolates on Valentine's Day. This is an example of


A) a custom.
B) a value.
C) a demographic pattern.
D) a belief.
E) an idiosyncrasy.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Why is it wise for global marketers to use back translation? Provide an example to support your answer.

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Back translation refers to a translated ...

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The Japanese manufacture tractors for rice paddies. They are smaller than most U.S. tractors and perfect for a weekend farmer who wants to tend to a small garden. The tractors are not sold in the United States through any authorized channels, yet they are available in the United States at prices below the manufacturer's suggested retail price. These Japanese tractors are being sold


A) through the gray market.
B) under the table.
C) over the counter.
D) with bypassed global channels.
E) by breaking the distribution monopoly.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?


A) The WTO acts as an agent in trade negotiations between its members and the remainder of the world.
B) The 119 member countries of the WTO account for about 25 percent of world trade.
C) The WTO attempts to mitigate trade wars between countries.
D) The WTO uses legal scholars who can only issue nonbinding recommendations.
E) The WTO was formed by the United Nations.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following examples best demonstrates a company's appreciation of another country's values?


A) American companies in Germany encourage the use of all types of credit cards.
B) In Brazil, American companies are extremely careful to keep to a strict agenda and time schedule, even though an informal structure is preferred.
C) Bath products are advertised by portraying intimate scenes between husbands and wives in countries where personal privacy is important.
D) McDonald's restaurants in India sell the Maharaja Mac rather than beef products.
E) Vogue Italia published a feature with a model wearing "slave earrings," which it said were "worn by women of color during the slave trade."

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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A brand marketed under the same name in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs is referred to as


A) a transnational brand.
B) an international brand.
C) a multinational brand.
D) a global brand.
E) a borderless brand.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Indirect exporting refers to


A) offering the right to a trademark, patent, trade secret, or similarly valued item of intellectual property in return for a royalty or fee.
B) selling a firm's domestically produced products in a foreign country without interference by that government.
C) contracting with a foreign firm to manufacture products according to stated specifications.
D) avoiding the use of additional parties when a firm sells its domestically produced products in another country.
E) selling a firm's domestically produced products in a foreign country through an intermediary.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Before Apple's iPhone 8 was officially for sale in China, it was being sold there. These phones were purchased in the United States, Hong Kong, and other markets, and then resold by unauthorized vendors in China for between $1,700 and $2,500. These products are considered to be part of


A) under-the-counter sales.
B) over-the-counter sales.
C) the gray market.
D) integrated global channels.
E) breaking the distribution monopoly.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which form of entry into a global market makes a firm the most vulnerable to harm regarding its brand name or reputation?


A) direct exporting
B) indirect exporting
C) licensing
D) direct investment
E) joint venture

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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