Question 1

Meta-analyses examining the size of all sex differences examined by researchers have found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Over three quarters of the effect sizes examined have been in the small to near-zero range.
B)   Most effect sizes tend to fall in the media.
C)   Approximately 20% of effect examined are large in size.
D)   There are no meaningful sex differences after accounting for publication bias.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Naturally occurring features of research participants that are measured instead of manipulated are called ______ variables.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent
B)   participant
C)   mediating
D)   observationalE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Imagine Sandy is conducting a longitudinal study on exposure to violent pornography and hostile attitudes towards women. She finds that exposure to violent photography at time 1 predicts hostile attitudes towards women at time 2. But she also finds that hostile attitudes at time 1 predict exposure to violent pornography at time 2. Which of the following is the BEST interpretation of Sandy's findings?

Accepted Answer

A)   Exposure to violent pornography causes hostile attitudes towards women.
B)   Hostile attitudes towards women cause people to watch violent pornography.
C)   The causal relationship between violent pornography and hostile attitudes likely works in both directions.
D)   There is no causal relationship between violent pornography and hostile attitudes towards women.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Stephen is studying sex differences in helping behavior but he only measures heroic or chivalrous types of helping behaviors. He concludes that men are far more likely to help than women. What is one possible critique of Stephen's study?

Accepted Answer

A)   He did not collect a representative sample.
B)   He only measured male gendered types of helping behavior.
C)   The dependent measures he chose are irrelevant to every day helping.
D)   He did not randomly assign participants to different types of helping contexts.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

A(n)  ______ is a quantitative technique for analyzing the aggregate results from a set of individual studies.

Accepted Answer

A)   literature review
B)   meta-analysis
C)   archival analysis
D)   regressionE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

What best describes Alice Eagly and colleagues' findings from a meta-analysis on sex differences in leadership effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

A)   They found no sex differences in leadership effectiveness.
B)   Overall, men are better leaders than women.
C)   Overall, women are better leaders than men.
D)   Men are more effective in male-dominated contexts, and women are more effective in context less dominated by males.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Researchers manipulate the ______ variable and observe changes in the______.

Accepted Answer

A)   mediator; moderator
B)   moderator; independent
C)   dependent; mediator
D)   independent; dependentE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

The presence of a statistically significant difference tells you that there is a large effect size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Standard deviation is a measure of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   variability
B)   reliability
C)   mean difference
D)   associationE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

All of the following contribute to a larger effect size EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   an increased difference between two means
B)   high between-group variance
C)   low within-group variance
D)   large sample sizeE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Some gender researchers argue that a maximalist approach is problematic because ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   it ignores important sex differences
B)   it perpetuates overgeneralized beliefs about the sexes
C)   it prioritizes the effects of culture too strongly over biology
D)   research on sex differences cannot be objectiveE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Over three quarters of effect sizes associated with sex differences in cognitive, social, and motor variables fall in the small or close to zero range.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The qualitative method in which researchers conduct an in-depth investigation of a single entity, usually a person, providing great detail but lacking generalizability is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   an interview
B)   a focus group
C)   ethnography
D)   a case studyE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Consider a research study that brings participants into the laboratory one at a time where they have a brief social interaction with an accomplice. Researchers measure the amount of time each participant spends making eye contact during the interaction. They then compare eye contact duration of male and female participants. Which design best describes the above study?

Accepted Answer

A)   experiment
B)   ex post facto
C)   qualitative
D)   person-by-treatmentE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Anderson and Leaper's (1998)  discovery that studies with female first authors found larger sex differences in interruptions (favoring men)  and studies with mail first authors might be an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   researcher bias
B)   participant bias
C)   demand characteristics
D)   social desirabilityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Callie is interested in whether men are more likely to make eye contact with a male conversation partner than a female partner. She is also interested in whether the topic of conversation (masculine topic vs feminine topic) affects the amount of eye contact men make with their conversation partner. She randomly assigns 200 male participants to interact with either a male or female conversation partner (played by a research assistant) and to either discuss a masculine (sports) or feminine (childcare) topic for 5 mins. Research assistants then time eye contact duration for each participant over the 5 min window. Identify each of the following: The general method used by the researcher, the independent and dependent variables, the number of conditions or study groups, and whether or not Callie can make causal inferences from her results. Why or why not can Callie infer causality from this design? Are there any possible interaction effects and how do you know?

Accepted Answer

This is a true experiment because the re...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative method?

Accepted Answer

A)   conducting one-on-one interviews with victims of cyber bullying
B)   examining arresting court records, personal histories, and media releases for perpetrators of domestic terrorism
C)   administering the Big Five personality inventory to a group with ADHD
D)   conducting group sessions with victims of domestic abuseE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

______ refer to instances when the strength or direction of the association between an independent and dependent variable differ as a function of another variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   Bivariate correlations
B)   Mediation effects
C)   Interaction effects
D)   Third variable problemsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following refers to the difference between the average values for each group?

Accepted Answer

A)   the within-group variance
B)   the between-group variance
C)   standard deviation
D)   the inter-group effectE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of postpositivism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cultural context influences what evidence is accepted as valid.
B)   Science is never free of bias.
C)   Science is a cumulative process susceptible to shifting conclusions.
D)   Empirical investigation is an inferior method towards studying politically charged questions.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: Studying Sex and Gender

A(n) ______ is a quantitative technique for analyzing the aggregate results from a set of individual studies.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Over three quarters of effect sizes associated with sex differences in cognitive, social, and motor variables fall in the small or close to zero range.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT true of postpositivism?

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following contribute to a larger effect size EXCEPT ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following refers to the difference between the average values for each group?

Correct Answer
verified

The qualitative method in which researchers conduct an in-depth investigation of a single entity, usually a person, providing great detail but lacking generalizability is referred to as ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Meta-analyses examining the size of all sex differences examined by researchers have found which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Some gender researchers argue that a maximalist approach is problematic because ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative method?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
This is a true experiment because the re...
View Answer

Stephen is studying sex differences in helping behavior but he only measures heroic or chivalrous types of helping behaviors. He concludes that men are far more likely to help than women. What is one possible critique of Stephen's study?

Correct Answer
verified

Naturally occurring features of research participants that are measured instead of manipulated are called ______ variables.

Correct Answer
verified

What best describes Alice Eagly and colleagues' findings from a meta-analysis on sex differences in leadership effectiveness?

Correct Answer
verified

The presence of a statistically significant difference tells you that there is a large effect size.

Correct Answer
verified

Standard deviation is a measure of ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Anderson and Leaper's (1998) discovery that studies with female first authors found larger sex differences in interruptions (favoring men) and studies with mail first authors might be an example of ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers manipulate the variable and observe changes in the.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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______ refer to instances when the strength or direction of the association between an independent and dependent variable differ as a function of another variable.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Studying Sex and Gender

A(n) ______ is a quantitative technique for analyzing the aggregate results from a set of individual studies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over three quarters of effect sizes associated with sex differences in cognitive, social, and motor variables fall in the small or close to zero range.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT true of postpositivism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following contribute to a larger effect size EXCEPT ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following refers to the difference between the average values for each group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The qualitative method in which researchers conduct an in-depth investigation of a single entity, usually a person, providing great detail but lacking generalizability is referred to as ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meta-analyses examining the size of all sex differences examined by researchers have found which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some gender researchers argue that a maximalist approach is problematic because ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThis is a true experiment because the re...View AnswerShow Answer

Stephen is studying sex differences in helping behavior but he only measures heroic or chivalrous types of helping behaviors. He concludes that men are far more likely to help than women. What is one possible critique of Stephen's study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naturally occurring features of research participants that are measured instead of manipulated are called ______ variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What best describes Alice Eagly and colleagues' findings from a meta-analysis on sex differences in leadership effectiveness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of a statistically significant difference tells you that there is a large effect size.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Standard deviation is a measure of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anderson and Leaper's (1998) discovery that studies with female first authors found larger sex differences in interruptions (favoring men) and studies with mail first authors might be an example of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers manipulate the ______ variable and observe changes in the______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______ refer to instances when the strength or direction of the association between an independent and dependent variable differ as a function of another variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
This is a true experiment because the re...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers manipulate the variable and observe changes in the.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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