Question 1

Mirror neurons are found in the brain's ________ and are believed by some scientists to be the neural basis for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobe; observational learning
B)   frontal lobe; classical conditioning
C)   temporal lobe; operant conditioning
D)   temporal lobe; observational learningE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its own enjoyment involves

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary reinforcers.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   intrinsic motivation.
D)   latent learning.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   cognitive processes.
D)   conditioned reinforcers.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Accepted Answer

A)   it highlighted the role of cognitive processes in learning.
B)   so many different species of animals, including humans, can be classically conditioned.
C)   it demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning.
D)   all learning depends on reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered salivation in a dog. The food in the dog's mouth was the

Accepted Answer

A)   US.
B)   UR.
C)   CS.
D)   CR.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings. This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned responses.
B)   prosocial behavior.
C)   extrinsic motivation.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

In which of the following may classical conditioning play a role?

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional problems
B)   the body's immune response
C)   helping drug addicts
D)   in all of these casesE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Inferring another's mental states is an ability known as

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   latent learning.
C)   theory of mind.
D)   modeling.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)   partial reinforcement
B)   spontaneous recovery
C)   generalization
D)   discriminationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   immediate reinforcement.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The use of physical punishment may

Accepted Answer

A)   lead to the suppression but not the forgetting of undesirable behavior.
B)   model aggression as a way of coping with problems.
C)   lead people to fear and avoid the punishing agent.
D)   have all of these results.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Acquiring new habits best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   extrinsic motivation.
B)   instinctive drift.
C)   learning.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   immediate reinforcement.
C)   modeling.
D)   shaping.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, salivation to meat was the

Accepted Answer

A)   CS.
B)   CR.
C)   US.
D)   UR.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

After repeatedly drinking alcohol spiked with a nauseating drug, people with alcohol dependence may fail to develop an aversion to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   biological predispositions
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   cognitive processes
D)   spontaneous recoveryE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Regarding the impact of watching television violence on children, most researchers believe that

Accepted Answer

A)   aggressive children simply prefer violent programs.
B)   television simply reflects, rather than contributes to, violent social trends.
C)   watching violence on television leads to aggressive behavior.
D)   there is only a weak correlation between exposure to violence and aggressiveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

When given a red pen rather than a black pen for correcting essays, people spot more errors. This best illustrates the subtle impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   learned associations.
B)   cognitive mapping.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   intrinsic motivation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Children often imitate behaviors seen on television. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   immediate reinforcement.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   generalization.
C)   latent learning.
D)   secondary reinforcement.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty, she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed. Her parents would be best advised to

Accepted Answer

A)   simply ignore her complaining.
B)   provide her with a very small drink of water.
C)   close her bedroom door to indicate that they disapprove of her whining.
D)   read her a short story so she forgets about wanting a drink.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Exam 7: States of Consciousness

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered salivation in a dog. The food in the dog's mouth was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children often imitate behaviors seen on television. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings. This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of physical punishment may

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, salivation to meat was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After repeatedly drinking alcohol spiked with a nauseating drug, people with alcohol dependence may fail to develop an aversion to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mirror neurons are found in the brain's ________ and are believed by some scientists to be the neural basis for ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When given a red pen rather than a black pen for correcting essays, people spot more errors. This best illustrates the subtle impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inferring another's mental states is an ability known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty, she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed. Her parents would be best advised to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following may classical conditioning play a role?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its own enjoyment involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the impact of watching television violence on children, most researchers believe that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acquiring new habits best illustrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Mirror neurons are found in the brain's and are believed by some scientists to be the neural basis for .

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