Question 1

Which of the following is closest to the currently accepted age of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)   5 billion years
B)   100,000 years
C)   5 million years
D)   10 billion yearsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

The composition of the core of Earth is thought to be ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   iron- nickel alloy
B)   peridotite
C)   granite
D)   basaltE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Earth's two chief energy sources for all of its heat and geologic processes are .

Accepted Answer

A)   wind and ocean currents
B)   oil and coal
C)   tidal forces and wind
D)   external solar radiation and internal decay of naturally radioactive elementsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

In the early part of the 20th centur,___________ argued forcefully for continental drift.

Accepted Answer

A)   Alfred the Great
B)   Alfred Wegener
C)   Edwin Rommel
D)   Karl WagnerE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

That fossil organisms succeed one another in an orderly and definite sequence is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the principal of fossil succession
B)   the law of superposition
C)   the law of the geologic time scale
D)   the Phanerozoic principalE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 6

Which one of the following is a logical consequence of the rapidly growing human population?

Accepted Answer

A)   Terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats will be unaffected by the rapid growth.
B)   Reduced government regulation and spending and the application of new technologies will increase living standards and lessen environmental concerns.
C)   Everybody will have much more fun because parties will be larger and more frequent.
D)   Competition for nonrenewable natural resources will intensify.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

____________rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.

Accepted Answer

A)   Indigenous
B)   Primary
C)   Sedimentary
D)   IgneousE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

The most prominent features on the ocean floor are the_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   oceanic ridges
B)   lava plateaus
C)   seamounts
D)   deep- ocean trenchesE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

The Mantle extends from < 100 km to about__________ and is bounded at both its top and bottom by________

Accepted Answer

A)   290 km, the asthenosphere
B)   2900 km, material of identical composition but contrasting temperature
C)   600 km, layers of molten rock
D)   2900 km, layers of markedly different chemical compositionE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

__________was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of the Pangaea supercontinent.

Accepted Answer

A)   Late Paleozoic glacial features
B)   Geometric fit between South America and Africa
C)   The Glossopteris flora
D)   Islands of Proterozoic rocks along the Mid- Atlantic RidgeE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

According to Wegener, where was southern Africa located during the Late Paleozoic?

Accepted Answer

A)   30° south of the equator
B)   over the south pole
C)   up by the north pole
D)   along the equatorE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata.
B)   Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils.
C)   Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers.
D)   Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Compared to the age of the Universe of about 14 billion years, the currently accepted age of Earth is abou________t years as determined by using radioactivity for dating rocks and minerals.

Accepted Answer

A)   13.7 billion
B)   4.6 thousand
C)   5.4 million
D)   4.6 billionE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ___________of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)   crust
B)   outer core
C)   mantle
D)   inner coreE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The San Andreas fault in California and the Alpine fault in New Zealand are good examples of____________

Accepted Answer

A)   divergent oceanic crust
B)   emergent ocean basins
C)   transform faults that cut continental crust
D)   convergent margins between oceanic platesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The__________ , about 100 km thick, is the coldest, most rigid, and most brittle layer in the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)   inner core
B)   lithosphere
C)   mesosphere
D)   asthenosphereE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

___________rocks always originate at the surface of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)   Igneous
B)   Secondary
C)   Metamorphic
D)   SedimentaryE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

A geologic understanding of natural resources includes __________of extraction or usage for water, soil, metallic, non- metallic, and energy resources.

Accepted Answer

A)   the conditions of formation and the environmental impact
B)   the size of deposits and cost
C)   the current corporate or political objective and most expedient means
D)   the economic value and geographic locationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Of the hydrosphere, 97% is contained in__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   lakes and streams
B)   groundwater
C)   the oceans
D)   glaciersE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

The___________ theory is the leading hypothesis that describes the formation of the Sun, Earth, and other planets of the solar system.

Accepted Answer

A)   solar flareup
B)   nebular
C)   planoassemblar
D)   astrostellarE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 1: An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Which of the following is closest to the currently accepted age of the Earth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The__________ , about 100 km thick, is the coldest, most rigid, and most brittle layer in the Earth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The composition of the core of Earth is thought to be ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

___________rocks always originate at the surface of the Earth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Earth's two chief energy sources for all of its heat and geologic processes are .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ___________of the Earth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Wegener, where was southern Africa located during the Late Paleozoic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of the Pangaea supercontinent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

That fossil organisms succeed one another in an orderly and definite sequence is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A geologic understanding of natural resources includes __________of extraction or usage for water, soil, metallic, non- metallic, and energy resources.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is a logical consequence of the rapidly growing human population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most prominent features on the ocean floor are the_________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to the age of the Universe of about 14 billion years, the currently accepted age of Earth is abou________t years as determined by using radioactivity for dating rocks and minerals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The___________ theory is the leading hypothesis that describes the formation of the Sun, Earth, and other planets of the solar system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Mantle extends from < 100 km to about__________ and is bounded at both its top and bottom by________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The San Andreas fault in California and the Alpine fault in New Zealand are good examples of____________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the hydrosphere, 97% is contained in__________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the early part of the 20th centur,___________ argued forcefully for continental drift.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The Mantle extends from < 100 km to about__ and is bounded at both its top and bottom by

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