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Exam 5: Membranes

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Question 21

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During neuronal signaling, a change in membrane potential will cause sodium channels to open and let Na⁺ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient into the cell.Which of the following helps establish the concentration gradient necessary for this process to occur?

A) Na⁺/K⁺ channel
B) voltage-gated Na⁺ channel
C) Na⁺ symporter
D) Na⁺/K⁺ pump

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Question 22

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When the solute concentration of solution A is lower than the solute concentration of solution B, solution A is considered

A) hypertonic.
B) hypotonic.
C) isotonic.

D) None of the above
E) A) and B)

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Question 23

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The type of movement that is specific and requires carrier molecules and energy is

The lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed of molecules called __________.

Membrane proteins serve many functions.One of the functions is transportation of substances across the membrane.If a cell biologist placed cells into an environment in which a chemical has been added that blocks the function of only carrier proteins, the process that will be affected is

Carrier-mediated transport is also called

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane in response to the concentration of one or more of the ______.

A type of transport of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient, using protein carriers driven by the expenditure of chemical energy is known as

Protein X contains four transmembrane domains, a short N-terminus and a long C-terminus.Following protein synthesis, the N-terminus of the protein faces the lumen (the inside) of the ER.After protein X is transported to the cell surface via exocytosis, you would expect the N-terminus of protein X to be

Osmosis can only occur if water travels through the

Cyclodextrins are a group of compounds capable of removing cholesterol from membranes.The effect most likely to have a large impact on cells as a result of cyclodextrin treatment would be

A research laboratory is attempting to collect the content of human red blood cells.The type of solution researchers should use to cause blood cells to lyse (burst) would be

The part of a membrane protein that extends through the phospholipid bilayer is primarily composed of amino acids that are

On the outer surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell type.Often these molecules are

Osmosis occurs as water can cross the lipid bilayer through specialized channels for water movement called ________________.

Incubation of cells at 20 $\degree$ C blocks the release of proteins from the trans-Golgi.Under such conditions, you would expect to see

GABA receptors play an essential role in neurotransmission in the central nervous system.In response to the appropriate signal, these receptors open up and allow Cl^- to flow into the cell.Given this information, GABA receptors can be classified as a

Diapedesis is the movement of white blood cells through intact blood vessel walls into surrounding body tissue.It typically happens when an area of the body is injured or damaged, and an inflammation response is required.What role would you expect cell adhesion molecules to play in this process?

If a cell has the same concentration of dissolved molecules as its outside environment, the cell's condition is referred to as being

Cholesterol functions in the plasma membrane to