Question 1

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can last hours to years.
B)   Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
C)   Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction.
D)   Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen.
E)   Basophils and mast cells release histamine.F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 2

The term ________ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

Accepted Answer

A)   antibody
B)   allergen
C)   antigen
D)   foreign body
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   chemotaxis
B)   edema
C)   diapedesis
D)   vasoactivity
E)   pusF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   After birth, produced in red bone marrow sites
B)   Develop from undifferentiated stem cells
C)   Include Kupffer cells
D)   Include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes
E)   Include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nucleiF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

The granules of basophils contain ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   antibodies
B)   antigens
C)   digestive enzymes
D)   histamine
E)   lysozymeF) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   basophils
B)   eosinophils
C)   neutrophils
D)   monocytes
E)   lymphocytesF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.

Accepted Answer

A)   Skin
B)   Respiratory tract
C)   Digestive tract
D)   Urinary tract
E)   EyesF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

The second line of defense is a series of systems that involves both cells and chemicals working together.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The patient asks the nurse to explain to him why he keeps getting sick from the same bacteria. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)   Your lungs produce these organisms because your cilia are permanently damaged.
B)   Your mucus traps and harbors the microorganisms and when they can't be cleared, they begin to breach your second and third lines of defense.
C)   Your disease stunts your immunity, so you are unable to fight those bacteria.
D)   You don't have second and third line defenses because of your cystic fibrosis.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inflammation
B)   Phagocytosis
C)   Interferon production
D)   Complement production
E)   BradykininF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is toxic to pathogens
B)   creates a physical barrier against pathogens
C)   destroys pathogens
D)   physically restricts pathogens to a specific region
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)   Complement
B)   Albumin
C)   Interferon
D)   HistamineE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

All of the following pertain to platelets except they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
B)   function primarily in hemostasis
C)   originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes
D)   function in blood clotting and inflammation
E)   are not whole cells but are pieces of cellsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Plasma ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended
B)   is mostly water
C)   contains albumin and globulins
D)   contains fibrinogen
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin
B)   nasal hairs
C)   flushing action of tears and blinking
D)   flushing action of urine
E)   phagocytic white blood cellsF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Which of the following is not a mechanism employed by the human microbiota to contribute to the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can phagocytose pathogens
B)   It can lower the pH making the environment too acidic for pathogens to survive
C)   It can out-compete pathogens for limited nutrients
D)   It can train the immune cells to recognize antigenic markers
E)   It can block potential binding sites on epithelial cells restricting adhesion, which is a necessary step for infectionF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 17

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lymph nodes
B)   thymus
C)   spleen
D)   GALT
E)   tonsilsF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Is composed of at least 20 blood proteins
B)   Only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen
C)   Acts in a cascade reaction
D)   Involves a classical pathway
E)   Involves an alternate pathwayF) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply
B)   increases the availability of iron
C)   increases phagocytosis
D)   increases metabolism
E)   stimulates hematopoiesisF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

The patient asks the nurse to explain to him why he keeps getting sick from the same bacteria. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to platelets except they ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The granules of basophils contain ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The second line of defense is a series of systems that involves both cells and chemicals working together.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term ________ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a mechanism employed by the human microbiota to contribute to the first line of defense?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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