Question 1

At this phase of injury, how would the nurse expect the area surrounding the laceration to present?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cool and blue
B)   Pink, warm, and dry
C)   Red and hot
D)   Dusky, gray, and clammyE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Overuse of disinfectants and antiseptics, as well as antibiotics, can result in inflammatory diseases stemming from an inadequate microbiome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Accepted Answer

A)   heat
B)   pain
C)   chills
D)   sweat
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 4

________ function in humoral immunity, while ________ function in cell-mediated immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)   B cells; T cells
B)   T cells; B cells
C)   monocytes; basophils
D)   basophils; T cells
E)   B cells; neutrophilsF) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 5

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   basophils
B)   eosinophils
C)   neutrophils
D)   monocytes
E)   lymphocytesF) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Accepted Answer

A)   Basophils
B)   Eosinophils
C)   Neutrophils
D)   Monocytes
E)   LymphocytesF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Leukocytes that are derived from monocytes and have long, thin processes to trap pathogens are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   dendritic cells
B)   eosinophils
C)   macrophages
D)   platelets
E)   mast cellsF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages
B)   Neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils
C)   Eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils
D)   Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils
E)   Macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophilsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which statement below characterizes the action of interferon?

Accepted Answer

A)   Interferon, produced by a host cell in response to viral attack, is secreted and enters neighboring cells, stimulating the production of antiviral proteins in anticipation of an invasion.
B)   Interferon stimulates the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature, increasing metabolism and preventing the growth of temperature-sensitive pathogens.
C)   Interferon comprises a team of blood proteins that are activated in a cascade, ultimately leading to pathogen cytolysis, inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis.
D)   Interferon binds to cell surfaces and induces changes in genetic expression, eliminating not only pathogens, but cancer cells also.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hydrogen peroxide
B)   Nitric oxide
C)   Lactic acid
D)   Superoxide anion
E)   All of these are used.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Following teaching by the medical team, the patient asks "can I just do my airway clearance exercises when I am not feeling well and on the weekends, even though the doctor tells me I have to do them every day?" What is a correct response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is okay to skip your airway clearance if you are not feeling sick as long as you are compliant on the weekends.
B)   Your body does not have the ability to protect itself because of its damaged immunity so you must do airway clearance regularly.
C)   As long as you perform airway clearance twice as often when you start to feel sick, you will make up the difference.
D)   Your airway clearance activities can be performed at your convenience.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Hematopoiesis is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   loss of blood due to hemorrhaging
B)   production of only red blood cells
C)   production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
D)   plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding
E)   migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissuesF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 18

Inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they are not antigen-specific; they contribute to host defenses regardless of the source of activation
B)   they are activated only if the system has encountered the antigen previously
C)   they are physical barriers that block the binding of pathogens to host tissues
D)   they operate independently of the first line of defense and the B and T lymphocytes in the third line of defenseE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lymph nodes
B)   Thymus
C)   Spleen
D)   GALT
E)   TonsilsF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following teaching by the medical team, the patient asks "can I just do my airway clearance exercises when I am not feeling well and on the weekends, even though the doctor tells me I have to do them every day?" What is a correct response by the nurse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At this phase of injury, how would the nurse expect the area surrounding the laceration to present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person will typically experience the sensation of ________ when fever is starting to occur in the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement below characterizes the action of interferon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Leukocytes that are derived from monocytes and have long, thin processes to trap pathogens are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overuse of disinfectants and antiseptics, as well as antibiotics, can result in inflammatory diseases stemming from an inadequate microbiome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hematopoiesis is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ function in humoral immunity, while ________ function in cell-mediated immunity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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function in humoral immunity, while function in cell-mediated immunity.

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