Question 1

Before DNA, ____ likely served as the genetic material.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrate
B)  lipid
C)  protein
D)  RNA
E)  free nucleotidesF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

The earliest species known to reproduce sexually was a(n)  ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  archaeabacterium
B)  cyanobacterium
C)  fungus
D)  green alga
E)  red algaF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Chloroplasts ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved from cyanobacteria
B)  have been found as symbionts inside mitochondria
C)  evolved from photosynthetic eukaryotes
D)  have membrane bound nuclei containing DNA
E)  are the sites of aerobic respirationF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 4

Mitochondria arose from an endosymbiotic relationship between a eukaryotic cell and an aerobic bacterium. Which statement supports this theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria can produce ATP outside of a eukaryotic cell.
B)  A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell.
C)  A mitochondrion has its own DNA in the form of a single circular chromosome, like bacteria.
D)  Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes.
E)  A mitochondrion has only one outer membrane.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Stromatolites were formed by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  animals
B)  heterotrophic bacteria
C)  photosynthetic bacteria
D)  red alga
E)  plantsF) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Which process or element was present first?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic respiration
B)  chloroplasts
C)  mitochondria
D)  fungi
E)  photosynthesisF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

What structure may have acted as a boundary for a cell-like environment before protocells formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  clay
B)  acidic water from volcanic springs
C)  chambers in rocks
D)  lipid membrane
E)  metal ions from rocksF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 8

The first major split in evolution separated ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea from bacteria and eukaryote ancestors
B)  Bacteria from Archaea and eukaryote ancestors
C)  eukaryote ancestors from Archaea and Bacteria
D)  Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya lineages from each other
E)  Bacteria and ArchaeaF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 9

A rise in oxygen in Earth's air and seas put organisms that engaged in ____ at a selective advantage.

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic respiration
B)  fermentation
C)  photosynthesis
D)  sexual reproduction
E)  anaerobic respirationF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Experiments like those first performed by Miller and Urey demonstrated that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA forms readily and reproduces itself
B)  amino acids and other organic compounds could form in conditions that mimicked the earth's early atmosphere
C)  complete, functioning prokaryotic cells are formed after approximately three months
D)  a lipid-protein film will eventually be formed by thermal convection
E)  meteorites contained organic compoundsF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

Four of the five features below are exclusive to the domain Eukarya. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  linear chromosomes
B)  nucleus
C)  mitochondria
D)  chloroplasts
E)  cell wallF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

While it is very difficult to find fossils of the earliest cells, there are some probable early cell characteristics. Four of the five answers represent possible traits that the first cells may have had. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic
B)  autotroph
C)  aerobic
D)  anaerobic
E)  heterotrophF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Discoveries by ____ led other scientists to reconsider the possibility that life most likely arose near hydrothermal vents on the sea floor.

Accepted Answer

A)  Orgel and Crick
B)  Ballard
C)  Miller and Urey
D)  Watson and Crick
E)  StarrF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 14

The first O2 producing organisms were probably ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea
B)  cyanobacteria
C)  green alga
D)  red alga
E)  plantsF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

What has been detected in meteorites that have fallen to Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  organic polymers
B)  evidence of cells with a nucleus
C)  organic compounds
D)  fossilized proto-cells
E)  oxygen moleculesF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

The first organisms were most probably ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotic
B)  multicellular
C)  protozoans
D)  prokaryotic
E)  algaeF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 17

The prevalence of iron-sulfide cofactors in organisms supports the hypothesis that life arose _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  in outer space
B)  on tidal flats
C)  near geothermal vents
D)  in the upper atmosphere
E)  in volcanic springsF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 18

Four of the five answers listed below are proposed steps leading to the first cells. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of organic subunits in one place
B)  the formation of protocells
C)  the formation of a cell wall
D)  the start of metabolic reactions
E)  the development of a genomeF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The first fossilized eukaryotes date to about how many years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.8 billion
B)  1.8 billion
C)  2.1 billion
D)  1 million
E)  6,000F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

By one hypothesis, clay ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated assembly of early organic polymers by concentrating monomers through its negative charge
B)  was present at hydrothermal vents
C)  provided energy for early metabolism
D)  has a positive charge and repelled organic monomers
E)  helped physically form the plasma membrane of protocellsF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Exam 18: Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Experiments like those first performed by Miller and Urey demonstrated that ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By one hypothesis, clay ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four of the five features below are exclusive to the domain Eukarya. Select the exception.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What structure may have acted as a boundary for a cell-like environment before protocells formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The prevalence of iron-sulfide cofactors in organisms supports the hypothesis that life arose _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloroplasts ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Before DNA, ____ likely served as the genetic material.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mitochondria arose from an endosymbiotic relationship between a eukaryotic cell and an aerobic bacterium. Which statement supports this theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest species known to reproduce sexually was a(n) ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While it is very difficult to find fossils of the earliest cells, there are some probable early cell characteristics. Four of the five answers represent possible traits that the first cells may have had. Select the exception.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first fossilized eukaryotes date to about how many years ago?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first major split in evolution separated ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stromatolites were formed by ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discoveries by ____ led other scientists to reconsider the possibility that life most likely arose near hydrothermal vents on the sea floor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first organisms were most probably ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four of the five answers listed below are proposed steps leading to the first cells. Select the exception.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which process or element was present first?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first O2 producing organisms were probably ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rise in oxygen in Earth's air and seas put organisms that engaged in ____ at a selective advantage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has been detected in meteorites that have fallen to Earth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The first O₂ producing organisms were probably ____.

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