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A battery is considered "dead" when


A) A battery is considered  dead  when A)    < 1. B)    = 1. C)    > 1. D)    = K. E)    /K = 0. < 1.
B) A battery is considered  dead  when A)    < 1. B)    = 1. C)    > 1. D)    = K. E)    /K = 0. = 1.
C) A battery is considered  dead  when A)    < 1. B)    = 1. C)    > 1. D)    = K. E)    /K = 0. > 1.
D) A battery is considered  dead  when A)    < 1. B)    = 1. C)    > 1. D)    = K. E)    /K = 0. = K.
E) A battery is considered  dead  when A)    < 1. B)    = 1. C)    > 1. D)    = K. E)    /K = 0. /K = 0.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Consider the reaction CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l) In this reaction, which substances are the oxidant and reductant, respectively?


A) CuO and H2
B) H2 and CuO
C) CuO and Cu
D) H2O and H2
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Calculate E°cell and indicate whether the overall reaction shown is spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Co3+(aq) + e- Calculate E°cell and indicate whether the overall reaction shown is spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Co<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Co<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  E° = 1.82 V MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> MnO<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 4OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.59 V Overall reaction: MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  + 3Co<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  → MnO<sub>2</sub>(s)  + 3Co<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 4OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = -1.23 V, spontaneous B)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = -1.23 V, nonspontaneous C)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.23 V, spontaneous D)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = 1.23 V, nonspontaneous E)  E°<sub> cell</sub> = -0.05 V, nonspontaneous Co2+(aq) E° = 1.82 V MnO4-(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3e- MnO2(s) + 4OH-(aq) E° = 0.59 V Overall reaction: MnO4-(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3Co2+(aq) → MnO2(s) + 3Co3+(aq) + 4OH-(aq)


A) E° cell = -1.23 V, spontaneous
B) E° cell = -1.23 V, nonspontaneous
C) E° cell = 1.23 V, spontaneous
D) E° cell = 1.23 V, nonspontaneous
E) E° cell = -0.05 V, nonspontaneous

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Electrolytic cells utilize electrical energy to drive nonspontaneous redox reactions.

A) True
B) False

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The value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction of nickel(II) ions with cadmium metal is 1.17 × 105. Calculate ΔG° for the reaction at 25°C.


A) -12.6 kJ
B) -28.9 kJ
C) 12.6 kJ
D) 28.9 kJ
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Calculate ΔG° for the oxidation of 3 moles of copper by nitric acid. Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Calculate ΔG° for the oxidation of 3 moles of copper by nitric acid. Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Cu(s)  E° = 0.34 V NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 4H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   NO(g)  + 2H<sup>2</sup>O(l)  E° = 0.957 V A)  -120 kJ B)  -180 kJ C)  -240 kJ D)  -300 kJ E)  -360 kJ Cu(s) E° = 0.34 V NO3-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e- Calculate ΔG° for the oxidation of 3 moles of copper by nitric acid. Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Cu(s)  E° = 0.34 V NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + 4H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   NO(g)  + 2H<sup>2</sup>O(l)  E° = 0.957 V A)  -120 kJ B)  -180 kJ C)  -240 kJ D)  -300 kJ E)  -360 kJ NO(g) + 2H2O(l) E° = 0.957 V


A) -120 kJ
B) -180 kJ
C) -240 kJ
D) -300 kJ
E) -360 kJ

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Consider the following redox equation Mn(OH) 2(s) + MnO4(aq) → MnO42-(aq) (basic solution) When the equation is balanced with smallest whole number coefficients, what is the coefficient for OH-(aq) and on which side of the equation is OH-(aq) present?


A) 4, reactant side
B) 4, product side
C) 6, reactant side
D) 6, product side
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Calculate E° cell for the reaction of nickel(II) ions with cadmium metal at 25°C. K = 1.17 × 105 Ni2+(aq) + Cd(s) → Cd2+(aq) + Ni(s)


A) 0.075 V
B) 0.10 V
C) 0.12 V
D) 0.15 V
E) 0.30 V

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following elements can be isolated by electrolysis of the aqueous salt shown?


A) phosphorus from K3PO4(aq)
B) sodium from NaBr(aq)
C) aluminum from AlCl3(aq)
D) fluorine from KF(aq)
E) iodine from NaI(aq)

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Examine the following half-reactions and select the weakest oxidizing agent among the species listed. AuBr4(aq) + 3e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the weakest oxidizing agent among the species listed. AuBr<sub>4</sub>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Au(s)  + 4Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.854 V Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Mn(s)  E° = -1.185 V K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   K(s)  E° = -2.931 V F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 4e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   2F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.153 V A)  AuBr<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  B)  Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  C)  K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  D)  F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  E)  H<sup>+</sup>(aq) Au(s) + 4Br-(aq) E° = 0.854 V Mn2+(aq) + 2e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the weakest oxidizing agent among the species listed. AuBr<sub>4</sub>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Au(s)  + 4Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.854 V Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Mn(s)  E° = -1.185 V K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   K(s)  E° = -2.931 V F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 4e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   2F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.153 V A)  AuBr<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  B)  Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  C)  K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  D)  F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  E)  H<sup>+</sup>(aq) Mn(s) E° = -1.185 V K+(aq) + e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the weakest oxidizing agent among the species listed. AuBr<sub>4</sub>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Au(s)  + 4Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.854 V Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Mn(s)  E° = -1.185 V K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   K(s)  E° = -2.931 V F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 4e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   2F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.153 V A)  AuBr<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  B)  Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  C)  K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  D)  F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  E)  H<sup>+</sup>(aq) K(s) E° = -2.931 V F2O(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 4e- Examine the following half-reactions and select the weakest oxidizing agent among the species listed. AuBr<sub>4</sub>(aq)  + 3e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Au(s)  + 4Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.854 V Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   Mn(s)  E° = -1.185 V K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   K(s)  E° = -2.931 V F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + 4e<sup>-</sup> <sup> </sup>   2F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)  E° = 2.153 V A)  AuBr<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  B)  Mn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  C)  K<sup>+</sup>(aq)  D)  F<sub>2</sub>O(aq)  E)  H<sup>+</sup>(aq) 2F-(aq) + H2O(l) E° = 2.153 V


A) AuBr4-(aq)
B) Mn2+(aq)
C) K+(aq)
D) F2O(aq)
E) H+(aq)

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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When the following redox equation is balanced with smallest whole number coefficients, the coefficient for nitrogen dioxide will be--. I2(s) + HNO3(aq) → HIO3(aq) + NO2(g) + H2O(l)


A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 10
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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When the following redox equation is balanced with smallest whole number coefficients, the coefficient for Sn(OH) 3-will be Bi(OH) 3(s) + Sn(OH) 3(aq) → Sn(OH) 62-(aq) + Bi(s) (basic solution)


A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 6.
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the cell reaction below at 25°C? E° cell = 0.30 V Sn2+(aq) + Fe(s) What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the cell reaction below at 25°C? E°<sub> cell</sub> = 0.30 V Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + Fe(s)    Sn(s)  + Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  A)  1.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> B)  1.4 × 10<sup>10</sup> C)  8.6 �× 10<sup>-6</sup> D)  7.1 × 10<sup>-11</sup> E)  2.3 × 10<sup>23</sup> Sn(s) + Fe2+(aq)


A) 1.2 × 105
B) 1.4 × 1010
C) 8.6 × 10-6
D) 7.1 × 10-11
E) 2.3 × 1023

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the cell reaction below at 25°C? E° cell = 0.61 V 2Cr(s) + 3Pb2+(aq) What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the cell reaction below at 25°C? E°<sub> cell</sub> = 0.61 V 2Cr(s)  + 3Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq)    3Pb(s)  + 2Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  A)  4.1 × 10<sup>20</sup> B)  8.2 × 10<sup>30</sup> C)  3.3 × 10<sup>51</sup> D)  7.4 × 10<sup>61</sup> E)  > 9.9 × 10<sup>99</sup> 3Pb(s) + 2Cr3+(aq)


A) 4.1 × 1020
B) 8.2 × 1030
C) 3.3 × 1051
D) 7.4 × 1061
E) > 9.9 × 1099

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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A solution is prepared by dissolving 32.0 g of NiSO4 in water. What current would be needed to deposit all of the nickel in 5.0 hours?


A) 1.1 A
B) 2.2 A
C) 3.3 A
D) 4.4 A
E) 5.5 A

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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What is the E°cell for the cell represented by the combination of the following half-reactions? 2Hg2+(aq) + 2e- What is the E°<sub>cell</sub> for the cell represented by the combination of the following half-reactions? 2Hg<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e-   Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.92 V Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3e-   Cr(s)  E° = -0.74 V A)  -0.18 V B)  0.18 V C)  1.28 V D)  1.66 V E)  2.12 V Hg22+(aq) E° = 0.92 V Cr3+(aq) + 3e- What is the E°<sub>cell</sub> for the cell represented by the combination of the following half-reactions? 2Hg<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e-   Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.92 V Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3e-   Cr(s)  E° = -0.74 V A)  -0.18 V B)  0.18 V C)  1.28 V D)  1.66 V E)  2.12 V Cr(s) E° = -0.74 V


A) -0.18 V
B) 0.18 V
C) 1.28 V
D) 1.66 V
E) 2.12 V

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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A voltaic cell is prepared using copper and silver. Its cell notation is shown below. Cu(s) | Cu2+(aq) || Ag+(aq) | Ag(s) Which of the following processes occurs at the cathode?


A) Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
B) Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)
C) Ag(s) → Ag+(aq) + e-
D) Ag+(aq) + e- → Ag(s)
E) Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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A voltaic cell can be prepared from copper and tin. What is the E°cell for the cell that forms from the following half-reactions? Cu2+(aq) + 2e- A voltaic cell can be prepared from copper and tin. What is the E°<sub>cell</sub> for the cell that forms from the following half-reactions? Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e-   Cu(s)  E° = 0.34 V Sn<sup>4+</sup>(aq)  + 2e-   Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.13 V A)  0.47 V B)  0.21 V C)  -0.21 V D)  -0.47 V E)  0.42 V Cu(s) E° = 0.34 V Sn4+(aq) + 2e- A voltaic cell can be prepared from copper and tin. What is the E°<sub>cell</sub> for the cell that forms from the following half-reactions? Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2e-   Cu(s)  E° = 0.34 V Sn<sup>4+</sup>(aq)  + 2e-   Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  E° = 0.13 V A)  0.47 V B)  0.21 V C)  -0.21 V D)  -0.47 V E)  0.42 V Sn2+(aq) E° = 0.13 V


A) 0.47 V
B) 0.21 V
C) -0.21 V
D) -0.47 V
E) 0.42 V

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following elements could be prepared by electrolysis of the aqueous solution shown?


A) sodium from Na3PO4(aq)
B) sulfur from K2SO4(aq)
C) oxygen from H2SO4(aq)
D) potassium from KCl(aq)
E) nitrogen from AgNO3(aq)

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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A buried iron pipe can be protected against corrosion by connecting it to a rod of magnesium.

A) True
B) False

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