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When people deferred to credible experts, Cialdini (2008) called this the _____ principle of persuasion.


A) liking
B) authority
C) social proof
D) reciprocity

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When people allowed the example of others to validate how to think, feel, and act, Cialdini (2008) called this the _____ principle of persuasion.


A) liking
B) authority
C) social proof
D) scarcity

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In the context of persuasion, the factor that determines if we call attempts at persuasion "education" or "propaganda" is whether or not


A) we believe them.
B) we know the communicator.
C) the message is emotional in tone.
D) the message is one-sided.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Define both central and peripheral routes to processing. Provide an example of each and suggest when each is most appropriate.

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Whether pitching a business plan or giving advice, a(n) _____ is often more convincing.


A) charismatic person who speaks fluently
B) power-oriented authoritative person
C) overconfident person who occasionally stumbles
D) person who says "you know" or "uh" frequently

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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If two messages are presented back to back, which message will likely hold the most influence?


A) the last message
B) the first message
C) it depends on the communicator
D) it depends on the channel of communication

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Nora, a single mom, needs to ask her parents for money. To minimize their objections to her request, she should


A) warn them ahead of time of her need.
B) have her busy, distracting little toddler along when she makes her request.
C) write out her request for them to consider.
D) ask them on the telephone.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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The _____ effect refers to how information that is presented last can have the most influence.


A) recency
B) primacy
C) channel
D) final

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Billboards and television commercials tend to use


A) the central route to persuasion.
B) the peripheral route to persuasion.
C) the indirect route to persuasion.
D) the direct route to persuasion.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The process by which media influence often occurs through opinion leaders, who in turn influence others, is referred to as


A) the sleeper effect.
B) an indirect channel of communication.
C) the opinion leader effect.
D) a two-step flow of communication.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Suzy is interested in purchasing a DVD player, and is overwhelmed by the many different models available at her local electronics store. She decides to purchase a shiny, metallic-looking model, as it is the best-looking one in the store. Suzy has been persuaded to purchase this particular DVD player because of the _____ route to persuasion.


A) peripheral
B) central
C) logical
D) factual

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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_____ is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.


A) Compliance
B) Persuasion
C) Inoculation
D) Perseverance

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Credible communicators have the best success in persuading. These are people that do all of the following EXCEPT


A) speak unhesitatingly.
B) look listeners in the eye.
C) appear trustworthy.
D) argue with their own self-interest.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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We are more likely to be persuaded by the _____ route to persuasion when we are distracted or busy.


A) peripheral
B) central
C) logical
D) factual

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In the context of strengthening personal commitment, the right way to stimulate people's thinking so that they become more committed to their positions is to


A) mildly attack their position.
B) strongly attack their position.
C) mildly support their position.
D) strongly support their position.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The _____ route to persuasion occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.


A) peripheral
B) central
C) logical
D) factual

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Arguments, especially emotional ones, are often more influential when they come from beautiful people. This exemplifies which characteristic of attractiveness?


A) liking
B) similarity
C) consistency
D) physical appeal

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Inoculation research suggests that children


A) are not persuaded by television advertising.
B) fail to grasp the persuasive intent of commercials.
C) use the central route to persuasion.
D) are skeptical of television advertising.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Sally is interested in purchasing a DVD player and is overwhelmed by the many different models available at her local electronics store. She decides to consult a magazine devoted to reviewing the quality of home electronics. After reading a number of articles stating the pros and cons of each model, she decides on a DVD player. Sally has been persuaded to purchase this particular DVD player because of the _____ route to persuasion.


A) peripheral
B) central
C) logical
D) partial

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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An audience is more likely to perceive a speaker as credible when the speaker


A) avoids eye contact.
B) talks slowly.
C) avoids being straightforward.
D) argues against his or her self-interest.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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