Question 1

You are asked to participate in a blood drive. In thinking about doing so, you weigh the costs (e.g., being pricked by a needle)  and benefits (e.g., feeling good about yourself)  of doing so. This strategy is best explained by the

Accepted Answer

A)   self-perception theory.
B)   social-exchange theory.
C)   self-presentation theory.
D)   social comparison theory.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Evolutionary psychology contends that the essence of life is

Accepted Answer

A)   gene survival.
B)   self-actualization.
C)   self-realization.
D)   the discovery of meaning.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Explain the role of kin selection in influencing helping behavior.

Accepted Answer

Kin selection is a theory in evolutionar...

Question 4

Which one of the following is NOT one of the ways that Myers suggests to increase social altruism?

Accepted Answer

A)   teach moral inclusion
B)   pursue narcissism
C)   model altruism
D)   attribute helping behavior to altruismE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

_____ are twice as likely as _____ to seek medical and psychiatric help.

Accepted Answer

A)   European-Americans; Asian-Americans
B)   Asian-Americans; European-Americans
C)   Men; women
D)   Women; menE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

According to Robert Putnam (2000) , membership in _____ were most closely associated with other forms of civic involvement, like voting, jury service, community projects, and giving to charity.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-help groups
B)   service clubs
C)   hobby clubs
D)   religious groupsE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

From an evolutionary perspective, it would be most difficult to explain why

Accepted Answer

A)   John paid his son's hospital bill.
B)   Phyllis helped her mother clean the house.
C)   William helped his next-door neighbor paint his house.
D)   Ruth risked her life to save a stranger from being murdered.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

In the context of evolutionary psychology, the _____ principle implies that nature programs us to care about close relatives.

Accepted Answer

A)   kin selection
B)   reciprocity
C)   social justice
D)   deindividuationE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern is called

Accepted Answer

A)   moral exclusion.
B)   moral inclusion.
C)   exclusive altruism.
D)   ingroup moralism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Hoffman (1981)  reported that infants cry more when they hear another infant crying. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   egoism.
B)   empathy.
C)   altruism.
D)   harmony.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

What are the positive and negative effects of empathy-based altruism?

Accepted Answer

Empathy-based altruism, or the act of he...

Question 12

Altruism is to _____ as egoism is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gouldner; Batson
B)   reciprocity; social justice
C)   the evolutionary theory; the social norms theory
D)   another's welfare; one's own welfareE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of the effect of guilt to motivate individuals in doing good deeds?

Accepted Answer

A)   It sustains close relationships.
B)   It reduces sensitivity.
C)   It leads to too much harm.
D)   It disrupts interaction among people.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Since we are born selfish, evolutionary psychologists such as Richard Dawkins propose that we attempt to

Accepted Answer

A)   develop a system that will encourage reciprocity.
B)   develop an "altruistic gene."
C)   teach generosity and altruism.
D)   live only in small, isolated communities.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

In the context of guilt and concern for self-image, researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation, there is more success with requests for contributions when they are

Accepted Answer

A)   random.
B)   systematic.
C)   large.
D)   small.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Jack helps Jill go up a hill to fetch a pail of water. According to the reciprocity norm, what behaviors should we expect from Jill?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jill will later help Jack fix his car.
B)   Jill will help Jack only if she is feeling depressed.
C)   Jill will help Jack only if she is feeling guilty.
D)   Jill will help Jack only if he is biologically related to her.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Social-exchange is a _____ theory, while social norms is a _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)   sociological; psychological
B)   psychological; sociological
C)   biological; psychological
D)   sociological; biologicalE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle. According to research on the bystander effect, a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are _____ others present.

Accepted Answer

A)   no
B)   two
C)   four
D)   tenE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

In the context of research ethics, researchers who studied the bystander effect have

Accepted Answer

A)   always first obtained the participant's informed consent.
B)   been careful to debrief their laboratory participants.
C)   subsequently found that most research participants believe the laboratory experiments have little, if any, value or application to everyday life.
D)   been unable to replicate real-life situations.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The network of traits that predisposes a person to be helpful are all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   high in positive emotionality.
B)   high in narcissism.
C)   high in empathy.
D)   high in self-efficacy.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 12: Emotions, Stress, and Health

You are asked to participate in a blood drive. In thinking about doing so, you weigh the costs (e.g., being pricked by a needle) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about yourself) of doing so. This strategy is best explained by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Robert Putnam (2000) , membership in _____ were most closely associated with other forms of civic involvement, like voting, jury service, community projects, and giving to charity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of research ethics, researchers who studied the bystander effect have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is NOT one of the ways that Myers suggests to increase social altruism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are twice as likely as _____ to seek medical and psychiatric help.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle. According to research on the bystander effect, a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are _____ others present.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of the effect of guilt to motivate individuals in doing good deeds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Altruism is to _____ as egoism is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jack helps Jill go up a hill to fetch a pail of water. According to the reciprocity norm, what behaviors should we expect from Jill?

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From an evolutionary perspective, it would be most difficult to explain why

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hoffman (1981) reported that infants cry more when they hear another infant crying. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The network of traits that predisposes a person to be helpful are all of the following EXCEPT

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What are the positive and negative effects of empathy-based altruism?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEmpathy-based altruism, or the act of he...View AnswerShow Answer

Evolutionary psychology contends that the essence of life is

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Regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social-exchange is a _____ theory, while social norms is a _____ theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since we are born selfish, evolutionary psychologists such as Richard Dawkins propose that we attempt to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of evolutionary psychology, the _____ principle implies that nature programs us to care about close relatives.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of guilt and concern for self-image, researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation, there is more success with requests for contributions when they are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the role of kin selection in influencing helping behavior.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIKin selection is a theory in evolutionar...View AnswerShow Answer

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_ are twice as likely as _ to seek medical and psychiatric help.

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Altruism is to _ as egoism is to _.

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Empathy-based altruism, or the act of he...
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Social-exchange is a _ theory, while social norms is a _ theory.

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Kin selection is a theory in evolutionar...
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