Question 1

According to the textbook,the reason why ambiguous information in politics,religion,and science often fuels conflict is because

Accepted Answer

A)  it makes unclear statements
B)  it reinforces pre-debate opinions.
C)  it brings forth new information.
D)  it says nothing new.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

After two years of intense publications (four per year) ,Ela's research productivity drops to one published paper per year.What term best explains Ela's fewer publications after two years of intense productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  overconfidence bias
B)  base-rate fallacy
C)  regression toward the average
D)  schemataE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

During a concert,Alia announces "I'm bored," and leaves the concert.Rick thinks this type of music bores Alia,while Ernie thinks Alia gets bored easily.Which of the following statements is most true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rick is making an internal attribution.
B)  Ernie is making an internal attribution.
C)  Ernie is making an external attribution.
D)  Rick is making a dispositional attribution.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

When we behave badly we are more likely to attribute our behaviour to

Accepted Answer

A)  bad luck.
B)  internal factors.
C)  situational factors.
D)  social norms.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

Attributional theorists have found that when explaining someone's behaviour,we underestimate _____________ and overestimate the extent to which it reflects ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the impact of the situation; the individual's traits and attitudes
B)  others' impact on our behaviour; our own behaviour
C)  the individual's traits and attitudes; the impact of the situation
D)  other's impact on our behaviour; the impact of the situationE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

According to the textbook

Accepted Answer

A)  we construct reality.
B)  there is a reality out there but our minds actively construe it.
C)  we respond only to reality.
D)  reality is a social construction.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

The fundamental attribution error involves the tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate situational causes of behaviour.
B)  underestimate dispositional causes of behaviour.
C)  underestimate situational causes of behaviour.
D)  discount dispositional causes of behaviour.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Jennifer instantly begins to cry when she hears that her mother needs to have hip surgery.This is an example of controlled processing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What phenomenon helps to explain why,in one national survey,23 percent of American women said they had been forced into unwanted sexual behaviour,but only 3 percent of American men said they had ever forced a woman into a sexual act?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias
B)  misattribution
C)  self-fulfilling prophecy
D)  spontaneous trait inferenceE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Counterfactual thinking occurs when we can easily picture an alternative outcome of an event and underlies our

Accepted Answer

A)  prediction of future.
B)  feelings of luck.
C)  estimation of probability.
D)  calculation of the event happened in the past.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following statements is NOT a reason why psychologists study attribution errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  To increases awareness of our biases
B)  To help people see that they should not always be blamed for their problems
C)  To help us eradicate such errors from our thinking
D)  To reveal how we think about ourselves and othersE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to play chess and read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver most clearly illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic.
B)  the representativeness heuristic.
C)  belief perseverance.
D)  the illusion of control.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

People are strikingly overconfident when judging whether someone is telling the truth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT correct about counterfactual thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Olympic bronze medalists exhibit more joy than Olympic silver medalists.
B)  Counterfactual thinking is more intense the more significant the event.
C)  Counterfactual thinking occurs when we can easily picture an alternative outcome.
D)  The B+ student who misses an A- by a point feels good for being in a "plus" grade instead of being in a "minus" grade.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Following political debates,individuals typically

Accepted Answer

A)  become more moderate in their view of their preferred candidate.
B)  become even more supportive of their candidate than they were before the debate.
C)  become somewhat more favourable toward the opposing candidate.
D)  come to dislike both candidates.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

People from _____________ are more sensitive to the relevance of past information for understanding present events than people from _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Japan; China
B)  China; Japan
C)  Canada; Great Britain
D)  China; CanadaE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

According to the textbook,behaviours attributed to the environment are

Accepted Answer

A)  dispositional.
B)  fundamental attribution errors.
C)  situational.
D)  common-sensical.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

You notice that Devon,a classmate,has failed a quiz.You may commit the fundamental attribution error if you conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  Devon is a lazy student who probably did not study.
B)  the quiz was unusually difficult for all who took it.
C)  Devon probably had to work late the night before the quiz.
D)  you would probably have failed if you had taken it.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Gus is in a terrific mood on the day he goes to look for a new car.He instantly decides to buy the second car he test drives.If Gus had been in a bad mood,what type of decision might he have made about a car purchase?

Accepted Answer

A)  He would not have gone car shopping at all.
B)  He would have bought the first car he test drove.
C)  He would have taken more time to make a decision.
D)  There would have been no difference in his decision.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Lynn thinks Chris is flirtatious because he is nice to all of his women colleagues.Chris is just a 'nice guy' in general.Lynn is making a situational attribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments

Which of the following is NOT correct about counterfactual thinking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You notice that Devon,a classmate,has failed a quiz.You may commit the fundamental attribution error if you conclude that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to play chess and read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver most clearly illustrates the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jennifer instantly begins to cry when she hears that her mother needs to have hip surgery.This is an example of controlled processing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People from _____________ are more sensitive to the relevance of past information for understanding present events than people from _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attributional theorists have found that when explaining someone's behaviour,we underestimate _____________ and overestimate the extent to which it reflects ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook,behaviours attributed to the environment are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are strikingly overconfident when judging whether someone is telling the truth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we behave badly we are more likely to attribute our behaviour to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is NOT a reason why psychologists study attribution errors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After two years of intense publications (four per year) ,Ela's research productivity drops to one published paper per year.What term best explains Ela's fewer publications after two years of intense productivity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the textbook,the reason why ambiguous information in politics,religion,and science often fuels conflict is because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following political debates,individuals typically

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fundamental attribution error involves the tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a concert,Alia announces "I'm bored," and leaves the concert.Rick thinks this type of music bores Alia,while Ernie thinks Alia gets bored easily.Which of the following statements is most true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Counterfactual thinking occurs when we can easily picture an alternative outcome of an event and underlies our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lynn thinks Chris is flirtatious because he is nice to all of his women colleagues.Chris is just a 'nice guy' in general.Lynn is making a situational attribution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gus is in a terrific mood on the day he goes to look for a new car.He instantly decides to buy the second car he test drives.If Gus had been in a bad mood,what type of decision might he have made about a car purchase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What phenomenon helps to explain why,in one national survey,23 percent of American women said they had been forced into unwanted sexual behaviour,but only 3 percent of American men said they had ever forced a woman into a sexual act?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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People from _ are more sensitive to the relevance of past information for understanding present events than people from _.

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Attributional theorists have found that when explaining someone's behaviour,we underestimate _ and overestimate the extent to which it reflects __.

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