Question 1

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   autocrine
D)   endocrineE) B) and C)
F) None of the above A

Question 2

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Accepted Answer

A)   are secreted into the external environment where they act.
B)   affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues.
C)   help coordinate growth, development and reproduction.
D)   operate primarily by positive feedback.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-intracellular mediator

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 4

Phosphodiesterase functions

Accepted Answer

A)   as a membrane-bound receptor molecule.
B)   to inactivate cyclic AMP.
C)   to attach phosphate groups to enzymes.
D)   to combine GTP with cyclic AMP.
E)   activates cGMP.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 5

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "B" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   neuropeptide
D)   autocrine
E)   endocrineF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   up-regulation.
B)   over-regulation.
C)   down-regulation.
D)   a lack of regulation.
E)   modulation.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased in number
B)   decreased in number
C)   chemically altered
D)   moved
E)   increased in number, decreased in number and chemically alteredF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)   in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B)   on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C)   in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D)   on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E)   on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _______ ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The length of time needed to eliminate...

Question 10

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)   hormonal
B)   neural
C)   humoral
D)   visceralE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The endocrine system

Accepted Answer

A)   releases neurotransmitters into ducts.
B)   secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
C)   communicates via frequency-modulated signals.
D)   contains organs called exocrine glands.
E)   is isolated from the nervous system.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s)  of hormone secretion pattern(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   chronic hormone secretion
B)   chronic and acute hormone secretion
C)   acute and episodic hormone secretion
D)   episodic hormone secretion
E)   chronic and episodic hormone secretionF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)   IP3 (inositol triphosphate)  is produced.
B)   Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell.
C)   Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form.
D)   IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
E)   Ca2+ binds with calmodulin.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   neuropeptide
D)   autocrine
E)   endocrineF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Accepted Answer

A)   frequency-modulated
B)   amplitude-modulated
C)   pitch-modulated
D)   resonance-modulatedE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 17

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-paracrine

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones
B)  chemicals that act locally on nearby cells
C)  chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal
D)  influences same cell type from which it is secreted
E)  chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissuesF) All of the above
G) A) and D) B

Question 18

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   neuropeptide
D)   autocrine
E)   endocrineF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)   acute hormone secretion
B)   episodic hormone secretion
C)   long-term hormone secretion
D)   chronic hormone secretionE) B) and C)
F) C) and D) B

Question 20

What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
B)   its location near the gland that secretes that hormone
C)   the ability of the target cell to perform a specific function
D)   its ability to inactivate the hormone
E)   the size of the target cellF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -intracellular mediator

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phosphodiesterase functions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "B" represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _______ ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The endocrine system

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "E" represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

Correct AnswerverifiedB

-The illustration depicts five types of intercellular chemical signals. What kind of signal does "A" represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _ __.

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B

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B

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